A review of sensing, uptake, and environmental factors influencing nitrate accumulation in crops

Htwe, Nang Myint Phyu Sin; Ruangrak, Eaknarin

doi:10.1080/01904167.2021.1871757

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Nitrate is one of the nitrogen sources that plays an essential role as a plant nutrient for the main constituents of chlorophyll, protein, and genetic material [6]. Plants take nitrate via the root hair, xylem, mesophyll cells, and cell walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pre-harvest Periods by Replacing Nutrient Solution with Tap Water on Nitrate and Quality in Hydroponic Lettuce

Ruangrak

Salaemae

Sornnok

et al. 2023

ASEAN Sci Tech Rept

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Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a high-value nutritional food for human consumption, rich in minerals and vitamins. However, people are still concerned about the residues of nitrate content in hydroponic lettuce. Pre-harvesting by replacing nutrient solution with tap water is one of several factors that can help to reduce nitrate content and improve the quality of hydroponic lettuce. Therefore, this study focused on the effect of pre-harvest periods by replacing nutrient solution with tap water on nitrate and quality in hydroponic lettuce. This experiment was performed by replacing nutrient solution with tap water in a hydroponic system for 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h before harvesting the lettuce product. Nitrate, vitamin C, phenolic, and soluble sugar contents were determined. The results showed that nitrate content was lowest under pre-harvest conditions for 72 h (19 mg/g dry weight, 63% reduction), but it was not significantly different for 48 h (20 mg/g dry weight, 61% reduction). The vitamin C content was significantly decreased after pre-harvesting for 72 h (5.3 µg/100 g, 30% reduction). The soluble sugar content was significantly increased and reached its highest content after pre-harvest for 48 h (3.3 mg/100 g, 105% increase), but there was no significant difference at 72 h (3.2 mg/100 g, 98% increase). Although the phenolic content decreased slightly, there was no significant difference among the treatments. In conclusion, nitrate contents were reduced the lowest, and soluble sugar contents were increased the highest after pre-harvest for 48 h. Vitamin C and phenolic contents were slightly decreased after pre-harvest periods by replacing the nutrient solution with tap water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pre-harvest Periods by Replacing Nutrient Solution with Tap Water on Nitrate and Quality in Hydroponic Lettuce

Ruangrak

Salaemae

Sornnok

et al. 2023

ASEAN Sci Tech Rept

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“…Nitrate is a nitrogen source that is the essential plant nutrient, a main constituent of chlorophyll, protein, and genetic material [8]. However, high intake of nitrate content by consumers may cause several types of cancer, such as bladder cancer [9], gastric cancer [10], and prostate cancer [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of nitrate reduction in plants needs energy from the photosynthesis system. The energy from photosynthesis has activated the suitable light wavelength [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Post-harvesting with Different Photoperiods under Artificial Light Sources on Nitrate and Vitamin C Contents in Hydroponic Green Oak Lettuce

Htwe

Rawangpai

Ruangrak

2023

ASEAN Sci Tech Rept

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Green oak lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a popular vegetable for consumers, but it is concerned about nitrate contamination that may harm human health. However, light can affect nitrate reduction and contribute to the accumulation of vitamin C in vegetables. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of post-harvesting with different photoperiods under artificial light sources on vitamin C and nitrate content in hydroponic green oak lettuce. Green oak lettuces were grown in the NFT system, harvested, and post-harvested under Bulb-LED (Experiment I), Bar-LED (Experiment II), and fluorescent lamp (FL) (Experiment III) for 6, 12, and 24 h photoperiods and replaced the nutrient solution with tap water. The nitrate content was significantly reduced after post-harvesting for 12 h photoperiods under FL (9,012 µg NO3- -N/g dry weight) followed by Bulb-LED (13,985 µg NO3- -N/g dry weight) and 24 h photoperiods for Bar-LED (10,727 µg NO3- -N/g dry weight). Vitamin C content was highest after post-harvesting for 24 h photoperiods under Bar-LED (45.47 µg/ml), followed by Bulb-LED (44.73 µg/ml) and FL (35.40 µg/ml). Post-harvesting with artificial light sources for 12 to 24 h photoperiods can improve hydroponic green oak lettuce quality.

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“…Nitrite can be reacted with amino acids, amides and amines to form N-nitroso compounds that are well-known as carcinogenic and can cause a variety of cancers (Santamaria, 2006;Du et al, 2007;Petpiamsiri et al, 2018). In vegetables or other plants, nitrate is a form of nitrogen that is a source of important nutrients for plant growth and as a key component of genetic material, protein and chlorophyll (Htwe and Ruangrak, 2021). Nitrate can be taken up easily through root hair, xylem and mesophyll cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Zheng et al (2018), growing pak choi (Brassica rapa) under a high light intensity (150 µmol/m 2 /s) reduced nitrate. The appropriate wavelength of light indirectly promotes plants to produce the necessary energy for the activation of enzymes, such as nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, which play vital roles in transforming nitrate into amino acids, proteins and other organic nitrogen compounds (Htwe and Ruangrak, 2021). Therefore, light is a key factor in promoting the reduction of nitrate and the subsequent assimilation of nitrogen in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-harvest illumination with different spectral compositions improves quality of green oak lettuce in hydroponic system

2023

ANRES

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Importance of the work: Pre-harvest illumination has an impact on the nutritional value of vegetables by improving antioxidants and regulating nitrate concentration. Objectives: To focus on the effect of pre-harvest illumination with different spectral compositions and photoperiods on the nitrate content, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of hydroponic green oak lettuce. Materials & Methods: This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The 10 treatments comprised no treated light (control) and pre-harvesttreatments with different spectral compositions of blue 460 nm-to-red 630 nm-to-red 660 nm as BRR 1:1:1 and BRR 2:1:1, respectively, and fluorescence light (FL) for 1 d, 2 d or 3 d (1D, 2D or 3D, respectively). Results: The hydroponic green oak lettuce under pre-harvest lighting of 1D-BRR 1:1:1 contained the significantly lowest nitrate content of 14.36 mg/g which was a 67% reduction from the control. The TPC was the significantly highest in 3D-BRR 2:1:1 at 78.29 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (dw), which was 59% greater than for the control. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay resulted in the significantly highest scavenging activities in the plant treated with 2D-BRR 2:1:1 (265.49 µg GAE/ g dw), which was 53% greater than the control. However, the results for both the TPC and DPPH were not significantly different from that of 1D-BRR 1:1:1. Main finding: Among the pre-harvest illuminations treatments investigated with different spectral compositions, 1D-BRR 1:1:1 produced the lowest nitrate content, whereas the TPC and scavenging activity of hydroponic green oak lettuce were not significantly different for the 2D-BRR 2:1:1 and 3D-BRR 2:1:1 treatments. Therefore, 1D-BRR 1:1:1 pre-harvest illumination can be recommended for green oak lettuce production in a hydroponic system.

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A review of sensing, uptake, and environmental factors influencing nitrate accumulation in crops

Cited by 10 publications

References 101 publications

Effect of Pre-harvest Periods by Replacing Nutrient Solution with Tap Water on Nitrate and Quality in Hydroponic Lettuce

Effect of Pre-harvest Periods by Replacing Nutrient Solution with Tap Water on Nitrate and Quality in Hydroponic Lettuce

Effect of Post-harvesting with Different Photoperiods under Artificial Light Sources on Nitrate and Vitamin C Contents in Hydroponic Green Oak Lettuce

Pre-harvest illumination with different spectral compositions improves quality of green oak lettuce in hydroponic system

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