A Review of Selenium (Se) Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Applications

Abstract

Selenium is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in various physiological activities, exerting a significant impact on human health. Selenium deficiency can lead to the development of several diseases, while excessive doses can be toxic. In recent years, there is a growing interest in elemental selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) due to their good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high antioxidant activity, making them suitable for numerous applications. The quest for enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity has driven extensive research on SeNPs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent advancements made in the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of SeNPs. Moreover, the challenges associated with SeNPs research, as well as the future trends in the field, are thoroughly discussed. This review aims to provide an insight into the current state of research on SeNPs and highlight areas that require further exploration and development.

A mini review on selenium quantum dots: synthesis and biomedical applications

“…Various physical and chemical approaches have been developed for the synthesis of fluorescent SeQDs based on “top-down” and “bottom-up” strategies ( Ruan and Zhou, 2022 ; Yang et al, 2023 ). Physical methods, such as laser irradiation and ultrasound, require advanced equipment and have high energy consumption but relatively low yield ( Huang et al, 2023 ). Chemical methods, such as wet chemistry, offer higher yields but may involve the use of toxic ingredients, high temperatures, and high pressures, posing certain production risks ( Yao et al, 2018 ; Gao et al, 2020 ).…”

Selenium Nanoparticles for Antioxidant Activity and Selenium Enrichment in Plants

“…This oxidative damage can result in cell death and mutations and pose a severe threat to human health and well-being. , Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals, as well as a beneficial element for plant growth. It serves as the active site of various enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase, which directly or indirectly participates in the removal of free radicals. − Selenium’s antioxidant capacity is demonstrated in its ability to enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as inhibit lipid peroxidation. − Additionally, low concentrations of selenium can promote plant growth, improve plant antioxidant capacity, and enhance the quality of fruits and vegetables. − However, the commonly used selenium source, selenite, is a toxic chemical substance that poses significant safety risks in practical applications …”