A Review of Salivary Biomarker: A Tool for Early Oral Cancer Diagnosis

Saxena, Shikha; Sankhla, Bharat; Sundaragiri, Krishna Sireesha; Bhargava, Akshay

doi:10.4103/2277-9175.211801

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The detection of OSCC is currently based on expert clinical examinations and histologic analysis of suspicious areas (53,54), but it may be undetectable in hidden sites. Therefore, sensitive and specific biomarkers for OSCC may be helpful in screening high-risk patients (9). These results provide a novel mechanism by which increased Acr uptake and impaired metabolism may contribute to OSCC carcinogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Acrolein Is Involved in the Synergistic Potential of Cigarette Smoking– and Betel Quid Chewing–Related Human Oral Cancer

Tsou¹,

Hu²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Cigarette smoking (CS) and betel quid (BQ) chewing are two known risk factors and have synergistic potential for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Taiwan. The p53 mutation characteristics in OSCC (G to A or G to T mutations) are similar to that of acrolein-induced DNA damage. Acrolein is a major cigarette-related carcinogen that preferentially causes p53 mutations and inhibits DNA repair function in lung cancer. We hypothesize that acrolein is associated with OSCC carcinogenesis.Methods: A total of 97 patients with OSCC and 230 healthy subjects with CS and/or BQ chewing histories were recruited. Slot blot analysis of Acr-dG adducts, an indicator of acrolein-induced DNA damage in buccal DNA, and LC/MS-MS analysis of 3-HPMA levels, urinary Acr metabolites, were performed.Results: Our results showed that the level of Acr-dG adducts in buccal cells was 1.4-fold higher in patients with OSCC than in healthy subjects with CS and/or BQ chewing histories (P < 0.001). In addition, in healthy subjects, CS and BQ chewing were associated with significantly higher levels of 3-HPMA, indicating that CS and BQ chewing promotes acrolein absorption. However, 3-HPMA levels in patients with OSCC were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects, indicating impaired acrolein metabolism.Conclusions: In this study, we provide a novel mechanism by which increased acrolein uptake and impaired metabolism may contribute to the synergistic potential of CS and BQinduced OSCC.Impact: Elevated acrolein-induced DNA damage (Acr-dG adducts) detected in buccal swabs may serve as an early indicator to identify patients at risk of developing OSCC. a The P < 0.05 versus smoking (CS) by Student t test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The detection of OSCC is currently based on expert clinical examinations and histologic analysis of suspicious areas, but it may be undetectable in hidden sites. Therefore, sensitive and specific biomarkers for OSCC may be helpful in screening high-risk patients (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrolein Is Involved in the Synergistic Potential of Cigarette Smoking– and Betel Quid Chewing–Related Human Oral Cancer

Tsou¹,

Hu²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Among the advantages, saliva is simple to collect, non-invasive, convenient to store and, compared to blood, requires less handling during clinical procedures. Besides, saliva also contains analytes with real-time monitoring value which can be used to check the individuals condition [8,10]. Currently, a broad set of methods are used to analyze saliva including immunoassays, colorimetric, enzymatic, kinetic, chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary molecular spectroscopy: A sustainable, rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment

Caixeta¹,

Aguiar²,

Cardoso-Sousa³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Monitoring of blood glucose is an invasive, painful and costly practice in diabetes. Consequently, the search for a more cost-effective (reagent-free), non-invasive and specific diabetes monitoring method is of great interest. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been used in diagnosis of several diseases, however, applications in the monitoring of diabetic treatment are just beginning to emerge. Here, we used ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate saliva of non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D) and insulin-treated diabetic (D+I) rats to identify potential salivary biomarkers related to glucose monitoring. The spectrum of saliva of ND, D and D+I rats displayed several unique vibrational modes and from these, two vibrational modes were pre-validated as potential diagnostic biomarkers by ROC curve analysis with significant correlation with glycemia. Compared to the ND and D+I rats, classification of D rats was achieved with a sensitivity of 100%, and an average specificity of 93.33% and 100% using bands 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1 , respectively. Moreover, 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1 spectral bands proved to be robust spectral biomarkers and highly correlated with glycemia (R 2 of 0.801 and 0.788, P < 0.01, respectively). Both PCA-LDA and HCA classifications achieved an accuracy of 95.2%. Spectral salivary biomarkers discovered using univariate and multivariate analysis may provide a novel robust alternative for diabetes monitoring using a non-invasive and green technology.

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“…reported that plasma hsa_circ_0001785 can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer detection. Saliva contains an array of analytes (protein, mRNA, and DNA) that can be used as biomarkers for translation and clinical applications [17]. Using bioinformatics analysis, Bahn et al [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Circular RNAs Hsa_Circ_0001874 and Hsa_Circ_0001971 as Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Zhao

Wang

Ouyang

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Recent studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can serve as potential molecular markers for disease diagnosis. However, little is known about their diagnostic potential for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to determine the expression of circRNAs in the saliva of OSCC patients to identify novel biomarkers for OSCC screening. Methods: Microarray screening of circRNA was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in saliva from 3 OSCC patients compared with 3 healthy controls. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the results, and the association between these confirmed salivary circRNAs and clinicopathological features was analyzed using the chi-squared test. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the circRNAs identified. Preoperative expression and postoperative expression (1 month after the surgery) of hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 was also determined. Results: Our results indicated 12 upregulated and 20 downregulated circRNAs in the saliva from the OSCC patients compared with that from the healthy controls. Among the differentially expressed circRNAs, hsa_circ_0001874, hsa_circ_0001971, and hsa_circ_0008068 were upregulated and hsa_circ_0000140, hsa_circ_0002632, and hsa_circ_0008792 were downregulated in the OSCC group versus the healthy group. Clinical data indicated that salivary hsa_circ_0001874 was correlated with TNM stage (P=0.006) and tumor grade (P=0.023) and that hsa_circ_0001971 was correlated with TNM stage (P=0.019). The combination of hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.922 (95% confidence interval, 0.883-0.961; P< 0.001). The risk score based on the combination of hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 also discriminated patients with OSCC from patients with oral leukoplakia (P< 0.001). Moreover, the expression levels of salivary hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 were clearly decreased in the postoperative samples compared with preoperative samples (P< 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate the potential of salivary hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 as biomarkers for the diagnosis of OSCC.

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A Review of Salivary Biomarker: A Tool for Early Oral Cancer Diagnosis

Cited by 57 publications

References 38 publications

Acrolein Is Involved in the Synergistic Potential of Cigarette Smoking– and Betel Quid Chewing–Related Human Oral Cancer

Acrolein Is Involved in the Synergistic Potential of Cigarette Smoking– and Betel Quid Chewing–Related Human Oral Cancer

Salivary molecular spectroscopy: A sustainable, rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment

Salivary Circular RNAs Hsa_Circ_0001874 and Hsa_Circ_0001971 as Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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