A Review of Ruptures of the Achilles Tendon

Abstract

Rupture of the Achilles tendon is a relatively infrequent injury that is often missed by the initial treating physician. The diagnosis can be established on the basis of the physical examination with weakness of plantarflexion, a palpable gap in the tendon, and a positive squeeze test. Special diagnostic studies are rarely necessary. In the majority of cases, the etiologic basis for the rupture appears to be a combination of intratendon degeneration and mechanical stress. Conservative treatment of an acute rupture by immobilization with a cast provides satisfactory results. For the younger, more athletic patient, surgical repair should be considered.

Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture

“…The left tendon was ruptured more often than the right one, as in other reports (Hattrup and Johnson 1985, Jozsa et al 1989, Cetti et al 1993.…”

Achilles tendon rupture due to distal ureteral stone

“…Achilles tendon ruptures occur during the sportive activities in the ratio of 44-83% and these are seen more commonly in males [5][6][7]. Achilles tendon rupture is typically seen in third and fourth decades in men who work in the offices and who rarely do exercises [8].…”

Achilles Tendon Injuries: Comparison of Different Conservative and Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation

“…According to a report from Finland in 2008 [26] the incidence of acute Achilles tendon ruptures increased from 8.3/10⁵ in 1987 to 14.8/10⁵ in 1999, so they thought the rate would have increased yet in the future. Achilles tendon ruptures occur most frequently in the age groups of 30-39 and 40-49, respectively in men and women [27], with a male predominance [28]. On average, women with tendon rupture are 2-3 years older than men with ruptures.…”