A Review of Research with Measures of Ego Strength Derived from the MMPI and the Rorschach

Frank, George

doi:10.1080/00221309.1967.9710401

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Unfortunately, attempts to validate popular measures of the construct have not yielded adequate and unequivocal findings (28,29). The controversy over ego strength assessment is most prevalent in the literature surrounding the application of Barron's Es scale (16,(30)(31)(32). Despite the important methodological issues raised in connection with its use, Barron's Es scale continues to be the most popular measure of ego strength.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Prior research on the empirical assessment of ego strength has been prone to many methodological problems (16). Unfortunately, attempts to validate popular measures of the construct have not yielded adequate and unequivocal findings (28,29).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One structural dimension of an individual's overall adaptive resources has been referred to as ego strength. This cognitive construct is used to describe the effectiveness of an individual's capacity for adaptation, mastery, and coping (12,16). There are few populations that are more concerned with adaptive survival and coping than that of the newly diagnosed cancer patient where the threat of annihilation (10) and fears of abandonment (17) remain prominent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ego Strength and Psychosocial Adaptation to Cancer

Worden

Sobel

1978

Psychosomatic Medicine

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This study investigated a patient's ego strength (Es) at the time of an initial cancer diagnosis and its relationship, over time, to mood disturbance, vulnerability, self-reported physical symptom totals, current concerns, coping strategies, and effectiveness in the resolution of problems. The subjects were 163 newly diagnosed male and female cancer patients representing five primary tumor sites. All patients were seen for an initial evaluation, at which time they completed Barron's Es scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Inventory of Current Concerns, and a semistructured interview. Ratings on patient vulnerability, coping strategies, and problem resolutions were made at each of the five follow-ups. Results showed that psychosocial adaptation to cancer was related to a patient's ego strength. Es correlated positively with a patient's use of effective coping strategies. The concept of Es and problems with Es assessment were discussed within a cognitive-ego analytic frame of reference.

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Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ego Strength and Psychosocial Adaptation to Cancer

Worden

Sobel

1978

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…MMPI-2 Ego-strengt h 501 Frank, 1967;Last, 1980;Wirt, 1955). The scale itself has been criticized as a "negative indicator" (Frank, 1967) and as factorially impure.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The scale itself has been criticized as a "negative indicator" (Frank, 1967) and as factorially impure. The structure of the original scale was examined by Stein and Chu (1967), who derived five clusters, as well as a combined "Sense of well being" cluster, for a subset of items.…”

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Ego-strength revised:A comparison of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-1 versions of the barron Ego-strength scale

Schuldberg

1992

J. Clin. Psychol.

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This study evaluated the equivalence of the original MMPI and the shortened MMPI‐2 versions of the Barron (1953) Ego‐strength scale, an important research scale. Three hundred fifty‐five subjects took the MMPI‐2 and the 16 MMPI‐1 items dropped from the original scale. The omitted items appear to contribute little to the original scale. The revised version compares favorably with the old in terms of internal consistency, and the two versions are highly intercorrelated. Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicates that four of Stein and Chu's (1967) five groupings of the original items provide a reasonably good fit for the MMPI‐2 as well. Compared to the original, the new version was slightly more correlated with other paper‐and‐pencil measures of psychological health and well‐being.

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Internal vs. external control time perspective and delay of gratification of high and low ego strength groups

Shybut

1970

J. Clin. Psychol.

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PROBLEM concerning ego strength emphasizes lack of agreement as to what constitutes ego strength and the poor interrelationships obtained between various measures designed to assess it. This raises a question whether any consistent differences can be observed between groups differing in ego strength. This study compares high and low ego strength groups on three measures: Internal vs. External Control, Time Perspective, and Delay of Gratification. Previous studies('. report a stronger belief in Internal Control, a more extended Time Perspective, and a stronger tendency for Delayed Gratification as being more characteristic of functioning persons rather than those rated relatively high on severity of psychological disturbance. METHOD Much of the current Subjects.A pool of male and female introductory psychology students was used to obtain 45 high and 45 low ego strength Ss. Ss scoring below T score of 50 on Barren's(') Scale were identified as low ego strength (LEs); those scoring above T 50 as high ego strengths (HEs). Ss were matched on I& and age ( Table 1). Measures.A. Internal vs. External Control (1-E). Rotter's(6) InternalExternal Control Questionnaire consists of 29 forced choice items including 6 filler items and is designed to measure one's basic belief in Internal us. External control of reinforcements. The total number of External choices checked constituted the I-E score.Wallace's technique was used to obtain two measures of TP: Future (FTP) and past (PTP). Each S was asked to state 10 things that he thought he would do or he thought would happen to him, and afterwards to specify how far in the future he envisioned each event. This procedure was repeated to obtain PTP, with S being asked to state 10 things that he has done or have happened to him in the past. Ss were asked not to spend much time selecting, but to report those things that occurred to them on first thought.C. Delay of Gratification (DG). An hypothetical choice was used. It consisted of presenting the S with four plastic poker chips and asking him to assign monetary value to these chips. After the value of the chip was obtained, the S was given a choice between one chip now or two later. If the later choice was preferred, the S was asked how long he would be willing to wait to obtain the doubled reward.The three measures Es, I-E, and TP were group administered. Somewhat later, Ss chosen on the basis of the Es scores were asked to participate in a larger experiment, part of which included the DG measure, which was administered individually. A t the same session, the information and similarities subscales of the WAIS were given to estimate I&. Table 1 presents a summary of data for HEs and LEs groups. Highly significant differences between HEs and LEs groups were obtained on the I-E measure (t = 3.6; df = 88; p < .001). HEs Ss have a more extended median FTP and PTP than the LEs Ss, with equal range for both groups (PTP = 1 hr. -15 years; FTP = 1 hr. -50 years). However, using the median for a combined HEs and LEs group B. Time Perspective ...

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A Review of Research with Measures of Ego Strength Derived from the MMPI and the Rorschach

Cited by 21 publications

References 94 publications

Ego Strength and Psychosocial Adaptation to Cancer

Ego Strength and Psychosocial Adaptation to Cancer

Ego-strength revised:A comparison of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-1 versions of the barron Ego-strength scale

Internal vs. external control time perspective and delay of gratification of high and low ego strength groups

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