A Review of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Use in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

Fitzgerald, Paul B.; Daskalakis, Zafiris J.

doi:10.1177/070674370805300903

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…For example, rTMS has been shown to alter the RMT and decrease MEP size. 82 Further to these local effects, there are related plastic changes found in interconnected brain regions after the application of rTMS trains. 82 Therefore, rTMS activation of the motor system can be used to study brain plastic processes in vivo.…”

Section: Repetitive Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…82 Further to these local effects, there are related plastic changes found in interconnected brain regions after the application of rTMS trains. 82 Therefore, rTMS activation of the motor system can be used to study brain plastic processes in vivo. Oxley et al 83 investigated changes in motor cortex excitability following rTMS applied over the premotor cortex in patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Repetitive Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Evidence Linking Disrupted Neural Plasticity to Schizophrenia

et al. 2013

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The adaptations resulting from neural plasticity lead to changes in cognition and behaviour, which are strengthened through repeated exposure to the novel environment or stimulus. Learning and memory have been hypothesized to occur through modifications of the strength of neural circuits, particularly in the hippocampus and cortex. Cognitive deficits, specifically in executive functioning and negative symptoms, may be a corollary to deficits in neural plasticity. Moreover, the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters associated with neural plasticity have also been extensively investigated for their role in the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) represents some of the most promising approaches to directly explore the physiological manifestations of neural plasticity in the human brain. Three TMS paradigms (use-dependent plasticity, paired associative stimulation, and repetitive TMS) have been used to evaluate neurophysiological measures of neural plasticity in the healthy brain and in patients with schizophrenia, and to examine the brain's responses to such stimulation. In schizophrenia, deficits in neural plasticity have been consistently shown which parallel the molecular evidence appearing to be entwined with this debilitating disorder. Such pathophysiology may underlie the learning and memory deficits that are key symptoms of this disorder and may even be a key mechanism involved in treatment with antipsychotics. W W W Une revue des données probantes liant la plasticité neuronale déréglée à la schizophrénieLes adaptations issues de la plasticité neuronale entraînent des changements de la cognition et du comportement, lesquels sont renforcés par l'exposition répétée au nouvel environnement ou stimulus. Une hypothèse veut que l'apprentissage et la mémoire surviennent par des modifications de la force des circuits neuronaux, particulièrement dans l'hippocampe et le cortex. Les déficits cognitifs, spécifiquement ceux du fonctionnement exécutif et des symptômes négatifs, peuvent être un corollaire des déficits de la plasticité neuronale. En outre, les principaux neurotransmetteurs excitateurs et inhibiteurs associés à la plasticité neuronale ont également fait l'objet de recherches poussées quant à leur rôle dans les déficits cognitifs associés à la schizophrénie. La stimulation magnétique transcrânienne (SMT) représente certaines des approches les plus prometteuses qui explorent directement les manifestations physiologiques de la plasticité neuronale dans le cerveau humain. Trois paradigmes de la SMT (plasticité activité-dépendante, stimulation couplée associative, et SMT répétitive) ont servi à évaluer les mesures neurophysiologiques de la plasticité neuronale dans le cerveau en santé et chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie, et à examiner les réponses du cerveau à cette stimulation. Dans la schizophrénie, les déficits de plasticité neuronale ont été constamment démontrés, ce qui correspond aux éléments de preuve moléculaires qui semblent êtr...

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Section: Repetitive Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Repetitive Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Evidence Linking Disrupted Neural Plasticity to Schizophrenia

et al. 2013

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“…For instance, in a sham-controlled study, Mittrach et al [83] investigated the tolerability and safety of 10-Hz rTMS over the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) with respect to cognitive functions and did not observe deterioration of cognitive functions. In addition, the comprehensive review of Fitzgerald and Daskalakis [84] showed that there is no consensus about whether rTMS could play a role in reducing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia when applied over these areas.…”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Clinical Applications in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: An Overview

Machado¹,

Arias-Carrión

Paes

et al. 2013

EAJM

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Neurological and psychiatric disorders are characterized by several disabling symptoms for which effective, mechanism-based treatments remain elusive. Consequently, more advanced non-invasive therapeutic methods are required. A method that may modulate brain activity and be viable for use in clinical practice is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). It is a non-invasive procedure whereby a pulsed magnetic field stimulates electrical activity in the brain. Here, we focus on the basic foundation of rTMS, the main stimulation parametters, the factors that influence individual responses to rTMS and the experimental advances of rTMS that may become a viable clinical application to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. The findings showed that rTMS can improve some symptoms associated with these conditions and might be useful for promoting cortical plasticity in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, these changes are transient and it is premature to propose these applications as realistic therapeutic options, even though the rTMS technique has been evidenced as a potential modulator of sensorimotor integration and neuroplasticity. Functional imaging of the region of interest could highlight the capacity of rTMS to bring about plastic changes of the cortical circuitry and hint at future novel clinical interventions. Thus, we recommend that further studies clearly determine the role of rTMS in the treatment of these conditions. Finally, we must remember that however exciting the neurobiological mechanisms might be, the clinical usefulness of rTMS will be determined by its ability to provide patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders with safe, long-lasting and substantial improvements in quality of life.

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“…Bioengineers are currently examining ways to retrofit existing TMS apparatus to simulate its artifacts so as to improve testing validity [147,148]. The sham condition poses the same problems for validating effectiveness in treating other conditions as well, including bipolar disorder [149], schizophrenia [150], obsessive-compulsive disorder [151], post-traumatic stress disorder [152] and stroke [153]. Nevertheless, the enthusiasm for this technology, largely due to its non-invasiveness, intuitive plausibility, and ability to trigger direct effects in the brain, remains high even if the possibility of elucidating its mechanism of action will most likely remain a mystery for some time to come.…”

Section: Brain Machine Interface (Bmi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Speculative Neuroscience of the Future Human Brain

Dielenberg¹

2013

Humanities

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Abstract:The hallmark of our species is our ability to hybridize symbolic thinking with behavioral output. We began with the symmetrical hand axe around 1.7 mya and have progressed, slowly at first, then with greater rapidity, to producing increasingly more complex hybridized products. We now live in the age where our drive to hybridize has pushed us to the brink of a neuroscientific revolution, where for the first time we are in a position to willfully alter the brain and hence, our behavior and evolution. Nootropics, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and invasive brain mind interface (BMI) technology are allowing humans to treat previously inaccessible diseases as well as open up potential vistas for cognitive enhancement. In the future, the possibility exists for humans to hybridize with BMIs and mobile architectures. The notion of self is becoming increasingly extended. All of this to say: are we in control of our brains, or are they in control of us?

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A Review of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Use in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

Cited by 43 publications

References 74 publications

A Review of Evidence Linking Disrupted Neural Plasticity to Schizophrenia

A Review of Evidence Linking Disrupted Neural Plasticity to Schizophrenia

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Clinical Applications in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: An Overview

The Speculative Neuroscience of the Future Human Brain

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