A review of recent modification strategies of TiO2-based photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting performance

Sawal, M.H.; Jalil, A.A.; Khusnun, N.F.; Hassan, N.S.; Bahari, M.B.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143142

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting into hydrogen fuel using semiconductor-based photoelectrodes can enable solar energy storage in chemical energy. − In this context, the photoelectrocatalytic activity of the photoanode significantly influences the solar energy conversion efficiency in PEC water splitting. − Many semiconductor materials, such as TiO 2 , ZnO, WO 3 , , and Fe 2 O 3 , have been widely explored as photoanode materials. Among these semiconductor materials, TiO 2 is endowed with the advantages of high stability, , low price, − and high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and has received extensive academic attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of TiO₂@Carbon@Prussian Blue Core–Shell Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance

Lai,

Bao,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The thoughtful design of effective photoanodes has drawn significant attention. Here, a Z-scheme core−shell TiO 2 @ carbon@prussian blue (TiO 2 @C@PB) is designed for photoelectrochemical water splitting. TiO 2 @C@PB composite film has a larger absorption range, and the band gap is decreased from 3.10 to 2.65 eV. Under illumination conditions, the TiO 2 @C@PB composite photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 2.78 mA/cm 2 at 1.23 V vs RHE, nearly 2.5 times higher than that of pure TiO 2 . The enhancement is ascribed to the suppressed recombination of photogenerated charges facilitated by the Z-scheme heterojunction and the excellent conductivity of carbon. This study offers an effective approach for developing highly efficient photoelectrochemical water-splitting photoanodes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of TiO₂@Carbon@Prussian Blue Core–Shell Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance

Lai,

Bao,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…The surge in fossil fuel consumption, propelled by population growth and economic progress, has led to apprehensions regarding ecological instability, greenhouse gas emissions, and rising sea levels due to heightened global temperatures [1,2]. Exploring ecofriendly, sustainable, and carbon-neutral energy sources is imperative, with solar energy emerging as the most accessible and enduring solution to meet future energy demands among a variety of renewable options to address future energy demands [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aging times of fibrous silica cadmium sulfide photoanodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting

Sawal,

Jalil,

Chowdhury

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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The use of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to produce hydrogen from solar sources is an alluring potential address to the world’s energy and environmental problems. Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) is a potentially visible light response photoanode of PEC water splitting, but practical use remains a significant barrier due to its low charge carrier separation efficiency. To address this disadvantage, modifications to the morphology of CdS is necessary. Herein, fibrous silica cadmium sulfide (FSCdS) photoanode for PEC water splitting was synthesized using microemulsion method reported in this study. In this study, it will be focused on the effect of aging times which is 6 hours and 8 hours on the structure of FSCdS towards the PEC water splitting. The physicochemical and electrical properties of the photoanodes were investigated using XRD, UV-Vis DRS, FTIR and EIS Nyquist Plot. FSCdS-6H had a higher photocurrent density of 22.1 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE and a higher solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 27.2% when compared to FSCdS-8H with 13.0 mA/cm2 and STH of 16.0%. This is due to the better crystallinity, higher Si-Cd-S interaction, and lower electron hole recombination rate of FSCdS-6H photoanode. Fabrication of fibrous silica-based photoanodes revealed significant insight for the creation of highperformance photoanodes for improved PEC water splitting performance.

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“…In contrast, oxide-based semiconductor photoelectrodes, while demonstrating lower energy conversion efficiency, offer superior corrosion resistance and are therefore considered ideal choices from a commercial standpoint, given their longevity [11][12][13]. Among oxide semiconductors, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is a commonly used photoelectrode material [14][15][16]. However, its wide bandgap (3.27 eV) restricts light absorption to only the ultraviolet range of the solar spectrum, far from the high-energy regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored Nanoscale Architectures for White Light Photoelectrochemistry: Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Based Copper Oxide Heterostructures

Fu,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Coatings

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This study investigates the morphological evolution, optical properties, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of copper-oxide-coated ZnO nanorods under different annealing conditions. Distinct effects of annealing temperature and atmosphere on Cu2O and CuO growth on ZnO nanorods were observed. SEM images revealed the transformation of Cu2O from silk-like to mushroom-like structures, while CuO formed interconnecting nanomaterials. XRD and XPS analyses showed peak shifts and binding energy changes, highlighting structural and electronic modifications induced by annealing. Moreover, PEC measurements demonstrated the superior photoresponse of CuO-coated ZnO nanorods, especially under negative bias, attributed to favorable band structure, charge carrier separation, and annealing stability compared to Cu2O-coated ones. A noteworthy discovery is that ZnO nanorods coated with CuO nanostructures, prepared under air conditions at 400 °C annealing temperature, exhibit exceptional photocurrents. Applying a 0.4 V voltage increases the photocurrent by approximately 10 mA/cm2. The findings provide valuable insights into tailoring metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures for potential applications in diverse areas, including photoelectrochemistry. This study offers practical guidance on modulating nanostructure growth through annealing to enhance performance. The results hold significance for PEC water splitting and have far-reaching impacts on photocatalysis, environmental remediation, and solar cells.

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A review of recent modification strategies of TiO2-based photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting performance

Cited by 17 publications

References 155 publications

Design of TiO₂@Carbon@Prussian Blue Core–Shell Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance

Design of TiO₂@Carbon@Prussian Blue Core–Shell Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance

Effect of aging times of fibrous silica cadmium sulfide photoanodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting

Tailored Nanoscale Architectures for White Light Photoelectrochemistry: Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Based Copper Oxide Heterostructures

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A review of recent modification strategies of TiO2-based photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting performance

Cited by 17 publications

References 155 publications

Design of TiO2@Carbon@Prussian Blue Core–Shell Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance

Design of TiO2@Carbon@Prussian Blue Core–Shell Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance

Effect of aging times of fibrous silica cadmium sulfide photoanodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting

Tailored Nanoscale Architectures for White Light Photoelectrochemistry: Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Based Copper Oxide Heterostructures

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Product

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Design of TiO₂@Carbon@Prussian Blue Core–Shell Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance

Design of TiO₂@Carbon@Prussian Blue Core–Shell Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance