A one parameter family of generalized BDF, the so-called A-BDF, is proposed and analyzed. Formulae of this new family are A 0 -stable up to order 7, especially A-stable in orders 1 and 2 and A(α)-stable in orders 3 to 7, respectively. The nonexistence result of A 0 -stable formulae of order larger than 7, given by [C. W. Cryer, BIT, 12 (1972), pp. 17-25], [D. M. Creedon and J. J. H. Miller, BIT, 15 (1975), pp. 244-249], is extended to the A-BDF. After implementing these formulae in LSODE, a considerably larger set of stiff problems with oscillatory modes can be solved efficiently and accurately.
Introduction.Backward differentiation formulae (BDF) are the most popular tools for the numerical solution of stiff ODEs as they have infinite regions of absolute stability. However, due to the particular shape of the stability regions of BDF of orders 3 through 6, instabilities may occur in problems with highly oscillatory modes such as B5 from STIFF DETEST [8]. In particular, the formula of order 6 is avoided in many BDF-codes (such as LSODE [18]): "For q = 6, the stability region is quite restricted in vertical extent near (but to the left of) the origin. Hence, this order is also excluded, and the available orders for the stiff methods are q = 1, 2, . . . , 5" [2].As a consequence of these restrictions, BDF-codes are inefficient for high accuracy demands.In this paper, we propose and analyze a family of generalized BDF that overcomes this deficiency. Formulae of this new family are stable up to order 7. Moreover, a considerably larger set of stiff problems with oscillatory modes can be solved efficiently and accurately at the expense of minor disadvantages in the solution of "ordinary" stiff problems.We choose the following approach. By subtracting the explicit k-step BDF, multiplied by some parameter t ∈ R, from the corresponding implicit k-step formula, both of order k, we obtain a new implicit formula. Subsequently, these formulae are called adaptive BDF or, to denote the dependence on k, "A-BDF k " (see Definition 2.2). Now we concentrate on the influence of the parameter t on accuracy and stability properties of the scheme. Concerning the question of accuracy, it is sufficient to regard the error constants, at least for practical purposes. Hence, the main part of this paper is devoted to the analysis of the stability properties of the new methods. The central results are the following:• The A-BDF k are consistent (at least) of order k for any k ∈ N and t ∈ R.