A Review of Rapid Methods for the Analysis of Mycotoxins

Abstract

An overview is presented of the analysis of mycotoxins by rapid methods such as: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); flow through membrane based immunoassay; immunochromatographic assay; fluorometric assay with immunoaffinity clean-up column or with a solid phase extraction clean-up column; and fluorescence polarization method. These methods are currently commercially available and are reliable, rapid methods. This review focuses on the basic principle of each rapid method as well as advantages and limitations of each method. Additionally, we address other emerging technologies of potential application in the analysis of mycotoxins.

Determinação de aflatoxina B1 em pimenta (Piper nigrum L.) e orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) por cromatografia em camada delgada e densitometria

“…2,3,5,[9][10][11][12][13][14] Tradicionalmente, métodos analíticos para a determinação de aflatoxinas empregam extração das toxinas com solventes orgâni-cos, coluna de imunoafinidade, partição líquido-líquido ou coluna de fase sólida para a remoção de compostos interferentes e quantificação por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) ou cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). 4,[15][16][17][18][19] O monitoramento de aflatoxinas requer método simples, rápi-do, exato, preciso e sensível. Infelizmente, poucos trabalhos com estas características são descritos na literatura.…”

“…Existem descritas cerca de 400 micotoxinas, sendo as mais comuns as aflatoxinas, ocratoxina A, fumonisina, desoxinivalenol, patulina, toxina T-2 e zearalenona. 4 As micotoxinas têm sido detectadas em vários alimentos de muitas partes do mundo, inclusive no Brasil, e são consideradas como um dos mais perigosos contaminantes de alimentos e rações animais. 5,6 Dentre as micotoxinas, as aflatoxinas (B 1 , B 2 , G 1 e G 2 ) representam a principal classe e são produzidas principalmente por Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus, sendo freqüentemente encontradas em amendoim, pistache, cereais, milho, arroz e figo.…”

Rapid Methods as Analytical Tools for Food and Feed Contaminant Evaluation: Methodological Implications for Mycotoxin Analysis in Cereals

“…Some are advanced enough for field studies and have already reached the stage of commercialization, some are at a transition phase between research and application to analysis of food/feed samples, other still have to face the challenge of validation by multiple laboratories. A list of the emerging rapid methods for mycotoxin analysis is reported in Table 2 Keshri & Magan, 2000;Olsson et al, 2002;Presicce et al, 2006;Cheli et al, 2009b;Campagnoli et al, 2011. (Maragos, 2004;Krska & Welzig, 2006;Zeng et al, 2006;Goryacheva et al, 2007;Maragos & Busnam, 2010). The most known rapid screening methods for mycotoxin detection, especially for the screening of raw materials, are antibody-based methods, ELISA test.…”

“…The ELISA methods have been commercially available since many years and are extensively used as rapid screening methods. Kits are available in quantitative, semi-quantitative or qualitative formats (Zeng et al, 2006). These methods are easy to use, fast and suitable for testing mycotoxin in the field too.…”

Chemiluminescence immunoassay

“…However, the sensitivity of conventional colorimetric detection is relatively low [4]. IA has been applied to develop assays with very highsensitivity detection [5,6], which strongly depends on the affinity of specific antibodies (Abs) and on the sensitivity of the detection method.…”