A review of Raman spectroscopy of vanadium oxides

Abstract

This review summarizes Raman scattering data for different stable and metastable phases of vanadium oxides. We analyze literature data on crystal structures existing in the binary vanadium‐oxygen system. If available, we combine these data with experimental Raman spectra and relations of vibrational modes with the atomic arrangements and motions in crystals. Further, we employ arc sputtering to produce vanadium oxide films, including α and β‐vanadium, V14O6, VO, V2O3, V3O5, several phases of VO2, V6O13, V3O7, and V2O5, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. All the films are studied using Raman spectroscopy: low‐ and high‐temperature V3O5 and VOx (1.67 < x < 2) are investigated for the first time. We demonstrate that a significant change in the V3O5 spectrum takes place along the phase transition occurring at approximately 140 °C. Moreover, we describe differences between the spectra of VO2 polymorphs produced without doping impurities, VO2 (M1), VO2 (M2), and VO2 (T). Finally, we analyze conflicting data on V7O16 and V3O7 and provide an explanation of the observed spectra. Overall, 21 spectra are identified for 53 known phases. Our work is aimed at laying the groundwork for easy identification of vanadium oxide phases in thin films, using Raman spectroscopy.

Short‐range ordering in the Li‐rich disordered rock salt cathode material Li2VO2F revealed by Raman spectroscopy

“…Notably, the assigned modes are in good agreement with results presented in literature both for the lithium involved modes [32,33] and V-O stretching modes. [34] The simulated structure of Li 2 VO 2 F possesses very specific local ionic SRO that affects the arrangements of both the cations (lithium and vanadium) and anions (oxygen and fluorine). These effects can be seen from the histograms depicting the anionic and cationic environments, shown in Figure 3.…”

Chemical Looping Selective Oxidation of H2S using V2O5 Impregnated over Different Supports as Oxygen Carriers

“…After reaction SiO 2 carrier shows the presence of more V 4 O 9 species (solid lines, Figure 4) than before reaction. A higher oxygen deficiency is associated with an increase in the number of V 4 + =O bonds as studied and explains by P. Shvets et al [47] The asymmetric stretching of VÀ OÀ V bridges occur at 753 cm À 1 . A small intense peak present at 464 cm À 1 is assigned to VÀ OÀ V stretching modes from VO 2 species.…”

Innovative multifunctional hybrid photoelectrode design based on a ternary heterojunction with super-enhanced efficiency for artificial photosynthesis

“…The Raman band located at 640.64 cm -1 is related to the double-coordinated oxygen atom of the V-O-V bond 33,35 . Finally, bands related to the vanadyl oxygen expansion mode V 4+ = O, located at 994.67 and 997.29 cm -1 , and V 5+ = O, located at 1,087.47 cm -1 , were observed 37 . The presence of these bands suggests the existence of the two bismuth oxide vanadate phases, which is a consequence of the OHaction in the aqueous solution during synthesis control, as we mentioned above.…”