A Review of Radiation Therapy’s Role in Early-Stage Breast Cancer and an Introduction to Electronic Brachytherapy

Herron, Brent; Herron, Alex; Howell, Kathryn; Chin, Daniel; LuannRoads,

doi:10.5772/55621

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…After enough doses, it continues to kill the tumor cells; therefore, tumor tissue is damaged more thoroughly. However, the shortcoming of iodine 125 seed implant brachytherapy is that is is applied manually to existing cold and hot spots ( 3 , 16 ) idicated by radiotherapy sensitization methods to achieve absolutely conformal radiotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GNRs@SiO2-FA in combination with radiotherapy induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins

Gao

Shen

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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The aim of the present study was to examine the apoptosis of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, induced by treatment with folic acid-conjugated silica-coated gold nanorods (GNRs@SiO2-FA) in combination with radiotherapy, and to determine the involvement of apoptosis-related proteins. An MTT colorimetric assay was used to assess the biocompatibility of GNRs@SiO2-FA. The distribution of GNRs@SiO2-FA into the cells was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HepG2 cells cultured in vitro were divided into the following 4 groups: i)the control group (untreated), ii) the GNRs@SiO2-FA group, iii) the radiotherapy group (iodine 125 seeds) and iv) the combination group (treated with GNRs@SiO2-FA and iodine 125 seeds) groups. The apoptosis of the HepG2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The concentration range of <40 µg/ml GNRs@SiO2-FA was found to be safe for the biological activity of the HepG2 cells. GNRs@SiO2-FA entered the cytoplasm through endocytosis. The apoptotic rates of the HepG2 cells were higher in the GNRs@SiO2-FA and radiotherapy groups than in the control group (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate was also significantly higher in the combination group than the GNRs@SiO2-FA and radiotherapy groups (P<0.05). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the combination of GNRs@SiO2-FA and radiotherapy more effectively induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. These apoptotic effects are achieved by increasing the protein expression of Bax and caspase-3, and inhibiting the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Ki-67. The combination of GNRs@SiO2-FA and radiotherapy may thus prove to be a new approach in the treatment of primary liver cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implantation of radioactive iodine 125 seeds has been used widely in the treatment of hepatic cancer, with profound effects. The process of particle implantation is performed manually, and is done irrespective of the 'hot' and 'cold' spots of radiation ( 3 ). Full conformal radiotherapy is difficult to implement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GNRs@SiO2-FA in combination with radiotherapy induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins

Gao

Shen

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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“…Currently, the available treatment means for breast cancer included surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and the new biological targeted therapy [ 8 , 9 ]. However, chemotherapy, in the long term, occupying the dominant position in the nonsurgical treatment for cancer, has made remarkable efficacy in clinical treatment, particularly for reducing tumor size and increasing disease-free recurrence [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shenqi Fuzheng Injection Combined with Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Zhang

et al. 2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Purpose. To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of shenqi fuzheng injection (SFI) in the associated chemotherapy of breast cancer. Methods. 1247 subjects were included in this study for meta-analysis with RevMan 5.3. Results. The clinical curative effective rate (OR = 2.03, 95% Cl [1.44, 2.86], P < 0.0001), grades of KPS (OR = 4.11, 95% Cl [2.74, 6.16], P < 0.00001), CD3+ cells (MD = 7.05, 95% Cl [0.45, 13.64], P = 0.04) and CD4+ cells (MD = 8.60, 95% Cl [2.67, 14.54], P = 0.004) and CD4/CD8+ cells (MD = 0.35, 95% Cl [0.14, 0.56], P = 0.001), WBC (OR = 0.30, 95% Cl [0.20, 0.46], P ≤ 0.0001), PLT (OR = 0.36, 95% Cl [0.20, 0.67], P = 0.001), gastrointestinal reaction (OR = 0.21, 95% Cl [0.14, 0.32], P < 0.00001), and ECG (OR = 0.26, 95% Cl [0.13, 0.51], P < 0.0001) in the experimental group were superior to the control group. While there were no differences between two groups in CD8+ (MD = 0.21, 95% Cl [−2.81, 3.23], P = 0.89), NK+ (MD = 1.06, 95% Cl [−9.40, 11.53], P = 0.84), RBC (OR = 0.49, 95% Cl [0.14, 1.74], P = 0.27), liver function (OR = 0.59, 95% Cl [0.28, 1.24], P = 0.16), renal function (OR = 0.56, 95% Cl [0.13, 2.45], P = 0.44), and bone marrow suppression (OR = 0.50, 95% Cl [0.25, 1.01], P = 0.05). Conclusion. SFI combined with chemotherapy, to some extent, can improve the effectiveness and the security in the treatment of breast cancer; the mechanism may be related to the elevated immunity.

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A Review of Radiation Therapy’s Role in Early-Stage Breast Cancer and an Introduction to Electronic Brachytherapy

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

GNRs@SiO2-FA in combination with radiotherapy induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins

GNRs@SiO2-FA in combination with radiotherapy induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins

Shenqi Fuzheng Injection Combined with Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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