A review of radar observations of turbulence in the lower stratosphere

Crane, Robert K.

doi:10.1029/rs015i002p00177

Cited by 74 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…There have been many efforts to understand the aspect sensitive nature of the radar echoes (Gage et al, 1981a,b;Crane, 1980;Doviak and Zrinc, 1984;Tsuda et al, 1986;Woodman and Chu, 1989;Hocking et al, 1990;Yoe et al, 1994;Jain et al, 1997). Most of the aspect sensitivity related studies so far have been carried out at mid-, and high-latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspect sensitivity in the VHF radar backscatters studied using simultaneous observations of Gadanki MST radar and GPS sonde

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Simultaneous observations made on four days using the MST radar and GPS-sonde at Gadanki (13.5 • N, 79.2 • E), a tropical station in India, are presented to address the aspect sensitivity of radar backscatters observed at different heights. The observations show that wherever stability parameter N 2 is high, vertical shear of horizontal wind is low and Richardson number (R i ) is high, the aspect sensitivity is high indicating that the aspect sensitive radar backscatters are due to thermal structures in the atmosphere. Such a case can be seen very clearly in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. At some heights, where N 2 is high, R i is high, but shears are relatively weak, the aspect sensitivity is found to almost disappear, indicating that some amount of shear provides favorable conditions for causing aspect sensitivity. Aspect sensitivity does not occur at all where N 2 is low or negative and R i is low in spite of wind shear being either high or low, indicating that the regions are well mixed and hence turbulent. The study also shows a power difference in the symmetric beams. A case study on this aspect suggests that this asymmetry is due to the tilting of layers by the action of atmospheric waves. There is indication that these waves are generated through Kelvin-Helmholtz-instability (KHI).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspect sensitivity in the VHF radar backscatters studied using simultaneous observations of Gadanki MST radar and GPS sonde

et al. 2004

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“…it is unlikely that the observed shears were directly responsible for increases in Cn 2 . Possibly, the thin (10's of meters) shear layers in which intense turbulence is found (Woodman, 1980;Crane, 1980) appear in direct proportion to the shear that is measured over kilometer scales, but the direct link between shears and Cn2 can only be studied by sampling the abiosphere with resolution equal to the thin layers in which turbulence is generated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Shear-Induced Turbulence by MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere Radar).

Romick¹,

Jayaweera²,

Smith³

1982

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“…This is not to say that the non-constancy of γ was unknown, but rather it was fully appreciated only in fields other than middle atmospheric ones. Examples of references which demonstrate a Richardson number dependence include Ottersten (1969), Crane (1980), and Gossard et al (1982Gossard et al ( , 1985Gossard et al ( , 1987. However, for middle atmosphere applications many of these early references were not utilized.…”

Section: Scalar Spectral Methods For Measuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamical parameters of turbulence theory as they apply to middle atmosphere studies

Hocking

2014

Earth Planet Sp

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The study of turbulent heating and diffusion in the middle atmosphere is complicated by some subtle points relating to the application of existing theory. Incorrect interpretation of turbulent spectra can result, leading to errors in estimates of the strengths of turbulence by factors of 5 and more. In this short review, the relevant turbulent spectra and equations are considered, and their applications in middle atmosphere studies are outlined. New developments with regard to some of this theory, and especially new understandings about the dynamical parameters used in some of these applications (often referred to as the "constants" of the equations) are described. Current areas of uncertainty are also considered, both in relation to turbulent energy dissipation as well as diffusion over various scales.

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A review of radar observations of turbulence in the lower stratosphere

Cited by 74 publications

References 31 publications

Aspect sensitivity in the VHF radar backscatters studied using simultaneous observations of Gadanki MST radar and GPS sonde

Aspect sensitivity in the VHF radar backscatters studied using simultaneous observations of Gadanki MST radar and GPS sonde

Investigation of Shear-Induced Turbulence by MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere Radar).

The dynamical parameters of turbulence theory as they apply to middle atmosphere studies

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