A review of published spoligotype data indicates the diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from India is under-represented in global databases

Poonawala, Husain; Kumar, Narender; Peacock, Sharon J.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104072

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…M. tb spoligotypes have coevolved with their human hosts, giving rise to geographically limited bacterial populations [ 32 ]. Even though there has been presence of highly transmissible and drug-resistant Beijing strains [ 31 ] in the present community for the last two decades, the transmission has been minimal compared to the EAI strains, and this could be one of the reasons for low drug resistance cases in this region of India; other regions of India where the drug resistance has been reported to be higher demonstrated lower EAI [ 2 , 5 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoligotype Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over Two Decades from Tiruvallur, South India

Kumar

Sekar

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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Geographically, most tuberculosis (TB) cases in 2018 were reported from India. This TB burden is compounded by MDR-TB and XDR-TB. The strategies for the management and control of TB in the community depend on an understanding of the mode of spread of the different strains of TB isolates in the community. To determine the distribution and trends of M. tb strains over the time period in the community due to treatment, we carried out the present study on changes over two decades. Design/Methods. A total of 1218 M. tb isolates (year: 2001–2018) from Tiruvallur, India, were genotyped by spoligotyping after DNA extraction and subjected to anti-TB drug susceptibility testing for the first-line anti-TB drugs. Results. On analysis with the SpolDB4 database, majority (2001–2003: 53.32% and 2015–2018: 46.3%) of the isolates belonged to East African Indian (EAI) lineage, and the orphans designated in comparison to SpolDB4 stood 33% among 2001–2003 strain collection and 46.3% among 2015–2018 strain collection. 10.2% (2001–2003) and 9.26% (2015 to 2018) of isolates were monoresistant to isoniazid (H). MDR strains were less common among EAI strains (3.2%) compared to non-EAI strains (10.32%). Conclusions. EAI is the most predominant lineage in Tiruvallur, despite the presence of highly transmissible lineages like Beijing for the last two decades. The prevalence of MDR-TB is below the national average of 2-3% among the new TB cases in the last two decades. The reason can be attributed to the well-established nature of the locally circulating strains in this region which are not associated with drug resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoligotype Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over Two Decades from Tiruvallur, South India

Kumar

Sekar

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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“…Different genetic lineages have been associated with variation in MICs of antituberculosis treatment (ATT) drugs, acquisition of mutation profiles, and fitness cost of resistance-conferring mutations ( 6 ). Most of our current understanding of the genetic determinants of drug resistance comes from studies of the globally dominant lineages 2 and 4 ( 7 ). However, M. tuberculosis lineages prevalent in India are markedly different from the rest of the world, with a predominance of lineage 1 in the south and lineage 3 in central and northern regions ( 7 , 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of our current understanding of the genetic determinants of drug resistance comes from studies of the globally dominant lineages 2 and 4 ( 7 ). However, M. tuberculosis lineages prevalent in India are markedly different from the rest of the world, with a predominance of lineage 1 in the south and lineage 3 in central and northern regions ( 7 , 8 ). Currently, there are a limited number of studies on the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of M. tuberculosis isolates and the genetic determinants of drug resistance from India ( 9 – 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineages Associated with Mutations and Drug Resistance in Isolates from India

et al. 2022

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“…27–30 The Indian geographical diversity with respect to lineage prevalence has been evaluated only to a limited extent, therefore, the true representation is lacking in global scenario. 31–33 Although, an attempt by the recent review about the major distribution of different lineages in India has assigned Manu/Beijing/CAS to Western, Beijing to North-Eastern, CAS/Beijing to Northern and EAI to Southern India, 34 inadequate information still exists on the relationships of SLD resistant mutation with different lineages. 24 , 35 , 36 Therefore, this study aims to analyze and understand the mutational characteristics and lineages of clinical Mtb isolates from Mumbai, Western India and Lucknow, Northern India ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Polymorphism Analysis in Drug-Resistant Genes in M. tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from Western and Northern India

Rana¹,

Singh²,

Nikam³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Introduction The mechanistic details of first line drug (FLD) resistance have been thoroughly explored but the genetic resistance mechanisms of second line injectables, which form the backbone of the combinatorial drug resistant tuberculosis therapy, are partially identified. This study aims to highlight the genetic and spoligotypic differences in the second line drug (SLD) resistant and sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb) clinical isolates from Mumbai (Western India) and Lucknow (Northern India). Methods The rrs, eis, whiB7, tlyA, gyrA and gyrB target loci were screened in 126 isolates and spoligotyped. Results The novel mutations were observed in whiB7 loci (A43T, C44A, C47A, G48T, G59A and T152G in 5’-UTR; A42C, C253T and T270G in gene), tlyA (+CG200, G165A, C415G, and +G543) and gyrB (+G1359 and +A1429). Altogether, the rrs, eis , and whiB7 loci harbored mutations in ~86% and ~47% kanamycin resistant isolates from Mumbai and Lucknow, respectively. Mumbai strains displayed higher prevalence of mutations in gyrA (~85%) and gyrB loci (~13%) as compared to those from Lucknow (~69% and ~3.0%, respectively). Further, spoligotyping revealed that Beijing lineage is distributed equally amongst the drug resistant strains of Mumbai and Lucknow, but EAI-5 is existed at a higher level only in Mumbai. The lineages Manu2, CAS1-Delhi and T1 are more prevalent in Lucknow. Conclusion Besides identifying novel mutations in whiB7, tlyA and gyrB target loci, our analyses unveiled a potential polymorphic and phylogeographical demarcation among two distinct regions.

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A review of published spoligotype data indicates the diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from India is under-represented in global databases

Cited by 11 publications

References 85 publications

Spoligotype Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over Two Decades from Tiruvallur, South India

Spoligotype Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over Two Decades from Tiruvallur, South India

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineages Associated with Mutations and Drug Resistance in Isolates from India

Molecular Epidemiology and Polymorphism Analysis in Drug-Resistant Genes in M. tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from Western and Northern India

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