A review of published sources for age at death in cattle

Jones, Gillian; Sadler, Peta

doi:10.1179/1461410312z.0000000001

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Mean standard deviations of 21 days and 42 days are given for the different development stages of the first and second molars respectively in varied cattle breeds and nutritional systems 78 . The variability of the third molar might be even greater 79 , but has not been clearly defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal calving in European Prehistoric cattle and its impacts on milk availability and cheese-making

Balasse

Gillis

Živaljević

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Present-day domestic cattle are reproductively active throughout the year, which is a major asset for dairy production. Large wild ungulates, in contrast, are seasonal breeders, as were the last historic representatives of the aurochs, the wild ancestors of cattle. Aseasonal reproduction in cattle is a consequence of domestication and herding, but exactly when this capacity developed in domestic cattle is still unknown and the extent to which early farming communities controlled the seasonality of reproduction is debated. Seasonal or aseasonal calving would have shaped the socio-economic practices of ancient farming societies differently, structuring the agropastoral calendar and determining milk availability where dairying is attested. In this study, we reconstruct the calving pattern through the analysis of stable oxygen isotope ratios of cattle tooth enamel from 18 sites across Europe, dating from the 6th mill. cal BC (Early Neolithic) in the Balkans to the 4th mill. cal BC (Middle Neolithic) in Western Europe. Seasonal calving prevailed in Europe between the 6th and 4th millennia cal BC. These results suggest that cattle agropastoral systems in Neolithic Europe were strongly constrained by environmental factors, in particular forage resources. The ensuing fluctuations in milk availability would account for cheese-making, transforming a seasonal milk supply into a storable product.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal calving in European Prehistoric cattle and its impacts on milk availability and cheese-making

Balasse

Gillis

Živaljević

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Their health issues frequently manifest as impaired wound healing and infertility, the main reasons leading to their premature slaughter by the time they are five years old. In contrast, cattle over the course of the nineteenth century and up until the mid-1960s had lifespans generally reaching the mid-teens to late-teens and even above 20 years (Jones and Sadler 2012). Premature senescence after a short lifespan characterised by constant, maximum performance taking its toll on their bodies seems to be the fate of HPC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corpus luteal angiogenesis in a high milk production dairy breed differs from that of cattle with lower milk production levels

Kaessmeyer¹,

Huenigen²,

Masri³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Globally, high producing, young dairy cows often have health and fertility problems such as ovarian, uterine and placental dysfunction, mastitis and impaired wound healing. These health issues can result in a shortened average lifespan of fewer than three lactations. We hypothesise that many of these health issues may be an effect of altered angiogenesis. Hence, the aim of this pilot study was to investigate the status of vascularisation in the corpus luteum of a high milk-producing cattle breed (Holstein Friesian) compared with that of low milk producing beef cattle (Limousin) and of dual purpose cattle (Fleckvieh, Rotbunt). The corpus luteum was chosen because as a transient endocrine gland it is one of the few tissues with physiological angiogenesis in the adult. Blood vessels were labelled in paraffin sections of corpora lutea with the lectin Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin I and the following angiogenesis parameters were analysed morphometrically using image analysis: (a) number of blood capillaries per mm 2 , (b) intercapillary distance, (c) percentage area occupied by blood vessels and (d) area of blood vessel lumina (μm 2 ). This analysis revealed that the extent of corpus luteal vascularisation is greater in high milk-producing cattle than in beef and dual purpose cattle as shown by a significantly higher number of blood capillaries per mm², significantly shorter intercapillary distances and a higher percentage of the corpus luteum area covered by blood vessels (non-significant). Only the average value of the luminal area of the luteal blood capillaries in the high milk-producing cattle is smaller than that measured in the low producing cattle.

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“…The position of the upper molars was determined following Gentry (1999). Wear stages were documented after Grant (1982) and Jones and Sadler (2012) for the mandibular dentition, and after Skinner and Kaisen (1947) for the maxillary dentition. Occlusal length (L) and greatest breadth (W), as well as a number of crown heights (mandibular teeth: H of protoconid, metaconid and entoconid above enamel-cement junction, H of valley above alveolus; maxillary teeth: H of mesostyle and paracone above enamel-cement junction) were measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary traits of the late Early Pleistocene Bison menneri (Bovidae, Mammalia) from its type site Untermassfeld (Central Germany) and the problem of Pleistocene ‘wood bison’

Asperen

Kahlke²

2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

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A review of published sources for age at death in cattle

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Seasonal calving in European Prehistoric cattle and its impacts on milk availability and cheese-making

Seasonal calving in European Prehistoric cattle and its impacts on milk availability and cheese-making

Corpus luteal angiogenesis in a high milk production dairy breed differs from that of cattle with lower milk production levels

Dietary traits of the late Early Pleistocene Bison menneri (Bovidae, Mammalia) from its type site Untermassfeld (Central Germany) and the problem of Pleistocene ‘wood bison’

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