A review of psychokinesis (PK).

Consciousness and the double-slit interference pattern: Six experiments

“…Here we find over a thousand peerreviewed studies reporting (a) experiments testing the effects of intention on the statistical behavior of random events derived from quantum fluctuations, 36,37 (b) studies involving macroscopic random systems such as tossed dice and human physiology as the targets of intentional influence, 38 (c) experiments involving sequential observations to see whether a second observer could detect if a quantum event had been observed by a first observer, or if time-delayed observations would result in similar effects, [39][40][41] and (d) experiments investigating conscious influence on nonliving systems ranging from molecular bonds in water to the behavior of photons in interferometers. 42 Much of this literature has appeared in disciplinespecific journals, but given the controversial nature of the topic, it is worth noting that some of it has also appeared in better-known outlets including the British Journal of Psychology, 38 Science, 43 Nature, 44 Proceedings of the IEEE, 45 Neuroscience Letters, 46 Psychological Bulletin, 47,48 and others. Cumulatively, these experiments suggest that mind-matter interactions occur in a broad range of physical target systems.…”

Examining psychokinesis: The interaction of human intention with random number generators--A meta-analysis.

“…In 1962, Girden (1962a) published a comprehensive critique of dice experiments in Psychological Bulletin. Among other things, he criticized the experimenters for pooling data as it suited them and for changing the experimental design once it appeared that results were not going in a favorable direction.…”

“…In the control studies, a total of 153,288 dice were tossed (a) without a specific target aim or (b) under a control condition in which the dice were tossed specifically as control runs (Radin & Ferrari, 1991, p. 65). The experimental studies were coded for various quality measures, including a number of those mentioned by Girden (1962a). Table 1 provides the main meta-analytic results 2…”

A note on "Long-distance ESP: A controlled study."

“…In evaluating these findings, it is important that close attention be paid to the experimental methods and statistical procedures upon which these p values are based. With respect to ESP research, the point has been made repeatedly by critics (e.g., Boring, 1966;Girden, 1962;Hansel, 1966) that the presumed occurrence of ESP effects should not be evaluated against theoretical hypotheses based upon laws of probability. Rather, effects are best evaluated against rates of success when ESP is not involved.…”