A review of propeller stall flutter

Abstract

Research on propeller performance has been reinvigorated by the development of new classes of vehicles, ranging from electrically powered fixed-wing aircraft, to multi-rotor electrical Vertical Take-off/Landing (eVTOL) vehicles and tilt-rotor aircraft. These types of aircraft utilise a range of modern propellers, often with more advanced planforms and features such as anhedral, and operate in flight envelopes that are outwith the traditional bands of performance. The use of advanced materials (mostly composites), high geometrical sweeps and variable angular velocities are the source of unsteady aerodynamics, that is often coupled with the blade’s structural response. Data from experimental investigations is mostly historic, with the majority of studies conducted before 1960, when aviation shifted rapidly towards jet propulsion. These studies lack in flutter boundary assessment. Modern propellers are likely to be pushed toward their flutter boundaries, but the experimental database published to-date is insufficient to provide flutter boundary assessment. This review examines the value of the available experimental research and the status of the state-of-the-art numerical methods, in order to establish the requirements for modern research on propeller stall flutter.

Acoustic Stall Detection of Variable Pitch Propeller for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

“…If the angle is too high, the stall can occur, initially at a part of the blade. This can lead to reduce of efficiency in flight [19] and produce oscillations [20] or even stall flutter [21].…”

Nonlinear Analysis and Bifurcation Characteristics of Whirl Flutter in Unmanned Aerial Systems

“…In their work, RCAS was compared to Dymore for tilt-rotor whirl flutter prediction. Higgins et al [59] also employed CFD simulations to investigate whirl flutter onset and stability on the XV-15 and V-22 aircraft. Their solution technique combined the University of Glasgow's CFD solver (Helicopter Multi-Block) and a NASTRAN structural model.…”