A review of primary aluminium tapping models

Abstract

The removal of molten aluminum from Hall-Heroult cells is known as the tapping process. Metal produced in the aluminum electrolytic cell is removed by vacuum using a crucible through a tapping tube. The purpose of metal tapping is to keep the metal volume at the optimum production level. It is possible that a certain amount of bath is entrained with metal when the metal is siphoned into the crucible. One of the challenges faced by aluminum smelters is the high volume of dross processed in the cast house plant as a result of bath tapped with metal from the reduction cells. The aim of this review is to discuss previous aluminum tapping models and trends in technology developments with the aim of improving the tapping operation. The advantages and limitations of existing model studies are also discussed in the context of electrolytic bath carried over with liquid metal during tapping from the reduction cell. A fundamental approach of the quality of tapping flows is also proposed for further investigation.

Valorization of Al slag in the production of green ceramic tiles: Effect of experimental conditions on microstructure and crystalline phase composition

“…In a second step, alumina is converted into aluminum metal by an electrolytic procedure (Hall-Héroult process). 1,2 The worldwide production of primary aluminum has passed from 2 t/year to 60•10 6 t/year in the last century. By 2020, aluminum demand is expected to be over 97 •10 6 t/year.…”

“…First, bauxite transforms into alumina by means of several treatments of milling, digestion, dissolution, filtering, refrigeration, precipitation, and drying (Bayer process). In a second step, alumina is converted into aluminum metal by an electrolytic procedure (Hall‐Héroult process) 1,2 . The worldwide production of primary aluminum has passed from 2 t/year to 60·10 6 t/year in the last century.…”