A review of potential suggested drugs for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) treatment

Tarighi, Parastoo; Eftekhari, Sanaz; Chizari, Milad; Sabernavaei, Mahsa; Jafari, Davod; Mirzabeigi, Parastoo

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173890

Cited by 93 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 175 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…As it has toxic effects, ribavirin is unlikely to be suitable for covid-19 prophylaxis. Favipiravir and nitazoxanide have been shown to inhibit a large number of viruses in vitro, but phase III trials have been completed only for influenza 78. Medications against other pathogens might also have anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity,8 but several repurposing attempts have ended in disappointment, including ivermectin, azithromycin, and hydroxychloroquine 4…”

Section: The Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

“…SARS-CoV-2 does present a few potential targets for antiviral therapy. Strong evidence suggests that viral particles enter human cells using the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor and a cell surface protease, TMPRSS2 8. Camostat is a TMPRSS2 inhibitor that seems safe in humans, and phase II trials are currently in progress 12.…”

Section: The Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SARS-CoV-2 also produces 3CL protease, which is used for building viral particles from polypeptides. Protease inhibitors could therefore prevent virus assembly 8. Nitazoxanide may work by inhibiting both cell entry and viral particle assembly18 and seemed to improve viral clearance in patients with symptomatic covid-19 in one small trial 8.…”

Section: The Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 by autumn?

Smith

2021

BMJ

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The UK government has launched a covid-19 antivirals taskforce with the aim of deploying drugs for home treatment by autumn this year. 1 The description suggests that the government wants direct acting orally administered drugs that reduce replication and help eliminate SARS-CoV-2 from the body. Taken after a positive swab test result or prophylactically after exposure, these drugs could reduce viral transmission, morbidity, and mortality.And they may well be needed. Vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease is 67-95%, with unknown durability and effectiveness against new variants. 2 Peak viral loads seem to determine the duration and severity of symptoms, 3 but current covid-19 treatments are largely limited to anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone, tocilizumab, and sarilumab) that save only around one in three patients who would otherwise have died. 4 Remdesivir, the most commonly used antiviral for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK, requires intravenous administration and seems to offer little survival benefit. 4

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Section: The Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 by autumn?

Smith

2021

BMJ

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“…Therapy. Until recently, there did not exist a single globallyaccepted treatment for COVID-19 [12,13,14,15]. Among the applied therapeutics, the most common are: antiviral drugs (such as Remdesivir), anti-inflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids), immunomodulators (such as interferons, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma), and supportive therapy such as supplementation of the diet with probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and microelements, which deserve a special attention [1,3,16,17,18,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID 19 – Possible interrelations with respiratory comorbidities caused by occupational exposure to various hazardous bioaerosols. Part II. Clinical course, diagnostics, treatment and prevention

Maćkiewicz¹,

Lemieszek²,

Dutkiewicz³

2021

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. The course of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 may be aggravated by bioaerosols containing other viruses, bacteria, and fungi, occurring mainly in the occupational environment. Hence, the diagnostics and treatment of COVID-19 should address such a possibility in the anamnesis, treatment and final recommendations for avoiding of adverse exposure. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge. As SARS-CoV-2 attacks primarily the respiratory system and the severe manifestation of COVID-19 is interstitial pneumonia, diagnostics should include the following clinical and laboratory examinations: chest X-ray; high resolution computed tomography (HRCT); pulmonary function tests; arterial-blood gas test; genetic tests for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, in the future with the use of highly specific and sensitive nano-based biosensors; tests for the presence of specific immunity against the antigens of microorganisms causing other infectious or allergic pulmonary diseases (in the case of anamnestic indications). Because an universally accepted treatment for COVID-19 does not exist, the hitherto prescribed antiviral and immune-modulating drugs should be used be with caution. In many cases, a better alternative could be a safe supportive therapy, such as supplementation of the diet with probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and microelements. Conclusions. The most important preventive measures against COVID-19 should include: vaccination; the use of filter or surgical masks; disinfection and sterilization; maintaining of well-functioning ventilation and air conditioning systems; reduction of the community air pollution which has been identified as an important factor increasing the COVID-19 severity. In the choice of preventive measures, the above should be considered for their potential efficacy against other bioaerosols as potential disease-aggravating agents.

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“…Another study recommended the plasma trough concentration of >20.0 mg/L in the treatment of severe MRSA infections such as endocarditis with the first five loading doses of 10-12 mg/kg at 12-h intervals in patients with normal renal function [11]. Moreover, teicoplanin has recently reported the effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in vitro by preventing viruses' entrance into the cytoplasm with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) as 1.66 µM [12]. This indicates the need to monitor plasma concentrations, which requires an analytical method that is not only accurate and precise but also practical and clinically applicable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Teicoplanin Using the HPLC-UV Method for Clinical Applications in Critically Ill Patients in Korea

et al. 2021

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A high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) method has been used to quantify teicoplanin concentrations in human plasma. However, the limited analytical accuracy of previously bioanalytical methods for teicoplanin has given rise to uncertainty due to the use of an external standard. In this study, an internal standard (IS), polymyxin B, was applied to devise a precise, accurate, and feasible HPLC-UV method. The deproteinized plasma sample containing teicoplanin and an IS of acetonitrile was chromatographed on a C18 column with an acidic mobile phase consisting of NaH2PO4 buffer and acetonitrile (78:22, v/v) by isocratic elution and detection at 220 nm. The linearity was in the range 7.8–500 mg/L calculated by the ratio of the teicoplanin signal to the IS signal. This analytical method, validated by FDA guidelines with ICH Q2 (R1), was successfully applied to analyze the plasma samples of patients in the intensive care unit for treating serious resistant bacterial infectious diseases, such as those by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The methods suggested the potential for use in routine clinical practice for therapeutic drug monitoring of teicoplanin, providing both improved accuracy and a wide range of linearity from lower than steady-state trough concentrations (10 mg/L) to much higher concentrations.

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A review of potential suggested drugs for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) treatment

Cited by 93 publications

References 175 publications

Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 by autumn?

Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 by autumn?

COVID 19 – Possible interrelations with respiratory comorbidities caused by occupational exposure to various hazardous bioaerosols. Part II. Clinical course, diagnostics, treatment and prevention

Quantification of Teicoplanin Using the HPLC-UV Method for Clinical Applications in Critically Ill Patients in Korea

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