A review of polymer–nanocomposite electrolyte membranes for fuel cell application

Kim, Deuk Ju; Jo, Min Jae; Nam, Sang-Yong

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2014.04.030

Cited by 415 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…In particular, polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), which work in the 80-100 • C temperature range, are among the most promising devices for automotive purposes [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ru–Pd Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on CeO2-MnOX Oxides as Efficient Systems for H2 Purification through CO Preferential Oxidation

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The catalytic performances of Ru/ceria-based catalysts in the CO preferential oxidation (CO-PROX) reaction are discussed here. Specifically, the effect of the addition of different oxides to Ru/CeO 2 has been assessed. The Ru/CeO 2 -MnO x system showed the best performance in the 80-120 • C temperature range, advantageous for polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. Furthermore, the influence of the addition of different metals to this mixed oxide system has been evaluated. The bimetallic Ru-Pd/CeO 2 -MnO x catalyst exhibited the highest yield to CO 2 (75%) at 120 • C whereas the monometallic Ru/CeO 2 -MnO x sample was that one with the highest CO 2 yield (60%) at 100 • C. The characterization data (H 2 -temperature programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption-desorption, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) pointed out that the co-presence of manganese oxide and ruthenium enhances the mobility/reactivity of surface ceria oxygens accounting for the good CO-PROX performance of this system. Reducible oxides as CeO 2 and MnO x , in fact, play two important functions, namely weakening the CO adsorption on the metal active sites and providing additional sites for adsorption/activation of O 2 , thus changing the mechanism from competitive Langmuir-Hinshelwood into non-competitive one-step dual site Langmuir-Hinshelwood/Mars-van Krevelen. As confirmed by H 2 -TPR and XPS measurements, these features are boosted by the simultaneous presence of ruthenium and palladium. The strong reciprocal interaction of these metals between them and with the CeO 2 -MnO x support was assumed to be responsible of the promoted reducibility/reactivity of CeO 2 oxygens, thus resulting in the best CO-PROX efficiency at low temperature of the Ru-Pd/CeO 2 -MnO x catalyst. The higher selectivity to CO 2 found on the Ru-Pd system, which reduces the undesired H 2 consumption, represents a promising result of this research, being one of the key aims of the design of CO-PROX catalysts.

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“…In particular, polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), which work in the 80-100 • C temperature range, are among the most promising devices for automotive purposes [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ru–Pd Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on CeO2-MnOX Oxides as Efficient Systems for H2 Purification through CO Preferential Oxidation

et al. 2018

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“…The target set by the US Department of Energy (DoE) for PEMFC commercialization in automobile applications is conductivity of 10 S/m at 120°C and RH 50% (Kim et al 2015). The numerous existing approaches may be categorized into the following groups (Alberti and Casciola 2003, Smitha et al 2005, DeLuca and Elabd 2006, Zhang and Shen 2012a, Díaz et al 2014): 1.…”

Section: Introduction: Proton Exchange Membranes In Fuel Cells and Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding methods of preparation and characterization of pore-filling polymer composites for proton exchange membranes: a beginner’s guide

Gloukhovski

Freger

Tsur

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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Abstract Composite membranes based on porous support membranes filled with a proton-conducting polymer appear to be a promising approach to develop novel proton exchange membranes (PEMs). It allows optimization of the properties of the filler and the matrix separately, e.g. for maximal conductivity of the former and maximal physical strength of the latter. In addition, the confinement itself can alter the properties of the filling ionomer, e.g. toward higher conductivity and selectivity due to alignment and restricted swelling. This article reviews the literature on PEMs prepared by filling of submicron and nanometric size pores with Nafion and other proton-conductive polymers. PEMs based on alternating perfluorinated and non-perfluorinated polymer systems and incorporation of fillers are briefly discussed too, as they share some structure/transport relationships with the pore-filling PEMs. We also review here the background knowledge on structural and transport properties of Nafion and proton-conducting polymers in general, as well as experimental methods concerned with preparation and characterization of pore-filling membranes. Such information will be useful for preparing next-generation composite membranes, which will allow maximal utilization of beneficial characteristics of polymeric proton conductors and understanding the complicated structure/transport relationships in the pore-filling composite PEMs.

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“…The DMFC is a remarkable energy source with a broad range of applications, spanning from portable electronic devices to medium-scale and low cost power generators [2]. During fuel cell performance, high methanol crossover produces surplus reactive free radicals at cathodes, leading to catastrophic failure of polymeric electrolyte membranes [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumed Silica Nanoparticles Incorporated in Quaternized Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposite Membrane for Enhanced Power Densities in Direct Alcohol Alkaline Fuel Cells

et al. 2015

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A nanocomposite polymer membrane based on quaternized poly(vinyl alcohol)/fumed silica (QPVA/FS) was prepared via a quaternization process and solution casting method. The physico-chemical properties of the QPVA/FS membrane were investigated. Its high ionic conductivity was found to depend greatly on the concentration of fumed silica in the QPVA matrix. A maximum conductivity of 3.50ˆ10´2 S/cm was obtained for QPVA/5%FS at 60˝C when it was doped with 6 M KOH. The permeabilities of methanol and ethanol were reduced with increasing fumed silica content. Cell voltage and peak power density were analyzed as functions of fumed silica concentration, temperature, methanol and ethanol concentrations. A maximum power density of 96.8 mW/cm 2 was achieved with QPVA/5%FS electrolyte using 2 M methanol + 6 M KOH as fuel at 80˝C. A peak power density of 79 mW/cm 2 was obtained using the QPVA/5%FS electrolyte with 3 M ethanol + 5 M KOH as fuel. The resulting peak power densities are higher than the majority of published reports. The results confirm that QPVA/FS exhibits promise as a future polymeric electrolyte for use in direct alkaline alcoholic fuel cells.

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A review of polymer–nanocomposite electrolyte membranes for fuel cell application

Cited by 415 publications

References 197 publications

Ru–Pd Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on CeO2-MnOX Oxides as Efficient Systems for H2 Purification through CO Preferential Oxidation

Ru–Pd Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on CeO2-MnOX Oxides as Efficient Systems for H2 Purification through CO Preferential Oxidation

Understanding methods of preparation and characterization of pore-filling polymer composites for proton exchange membranes: a beginner’s guide

Fumed Silica Nanoparticles Incorporated in Quaternized Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposite Membrane for Enhanced Power Densities in Direct Alcohol Alkaline Fuel Cells

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