A review of phosphorus and sediment release from Irish tillage soils, the methods used to quantify losses and the current state of mitigation practice

Regan, J.T.; Fenton, Owen; Healy, Mark G.

doi:10.3318/bioe.2012.05

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Inter-catchment comparisons here used data from hydrological years 2010 to 2013, where data were available for all five catchments. Sediment delivery was enhanced by the combined effect of an overland-flow dominated transport system (poorly drained soils) and, to a lesser extent, source availability (arable soils with potentially lengthy periods of bare ground cover (Regan et al, 2012) or seasonally thinly vegetated grassland soils; cf. Bilotta et al, 2010).…”

Section: Suspended Sediment Metrics In Five Agricultural Catchmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arable farming typically involves the mechanical redistribution of soil through ploughing and seed bed preparation, and via erosion from compacted and/or bare fields and down-slope tramlines (Chambers and Garwood, 2000;Withers et al, 2006;Boardman et al, 2009;Silgram et al, 2010;Regan et al, 2012;Soane et al, 2012). Over-grazed grassland soils are also an important sediment source (Bilotta et al, 2010) and critical to the transport of particle-bound pollutants, such as P (Haygarth et al, 2006).…”

Section: S C Sherriff Et Al: Suspended Sediment Dynamics In Agricumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sediment losses from agricultural areas are commonly attributed to arable practices (Walling et al, 1999;Wass and Leeks, 1999;Freebairn et al, 2009;Van Oost et al, 2009;Duvert et al, 2010), especially where bare or freshly tilled soils are exposed to rainfall-runoff processes (Regan et al, 2012). Arable farming typically involves the mechanical redistribution of soil through ploughing and seed bed preparation, and via erosion from compacted and/or bare fields and down-slope tramlines (Chambers and Garwood, 2000;Withers et al, 2006;Boardman et al, 2009;Silgram et al, 2010;Regan et al, 2012;Soane et al, 2012).…”

Section: S C Sherriff Et Al: Suspended Sediment Dynamics In Agricumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating suspended sediment dynamics in contrasting agricultural catchments using ex situ turbidity-based suspended sediment monitoring

Sherriff

Rowan

Melland

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Soil erosion and suspended sediment (SS) pose risks to chemical and ecological water quality. Agricultural activities may accelerate erosional fluxes from bare, poached or compacted soils, and enhance connectivity through modified channels and artificial drainage networks. Storm-event fluxes dominate SS transport in agricultural catchments; therefore, high temporal-resolution monitoring approaches are required, but can be expensive and technically challenging. Here, the performance of in situ turbidity sensors, conventionally installed submerged at the river bankside, is compared with installations where river water is delivered to sensors ex situ, i.e. within instrument kiosks on the riverbank, at two experimental catchments (Grassland B and Arable B). The in situ and ex situ installations gave comparable results when calibrated against storm-period, depth-integrated SS data, with total loads at Grassland B estimated at 12 800 and 15 400 t, and 22 600 and 24 900 t at Arable B, respectively. The absence of spurious turbidity readings relating to bankside debris around the in situ sensor and its greater security make the ex situ sensor more robust. The ex situ approach was then used to characterise SS dynamics and fluxes in five intensively managed agricultural catchments in Ireland which feature a range of landscape characteristics and land use pressures. Average annual suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was below the Freshwater Fish Directive (78/659/EEC) guideline of 25 mg L −1 , and the continuous hourly record demonstrated that exceedance occurred less than 12 % of the observation year. Soil drainage class and proportion of arable land were key controls determining flux rates, but all catchments reported a high degree of inter-annual variability associated with variable precipitation patterns compared to the long-term average. Poorly drained soils had greater sensitivity to runoff and soil erosion, particularly in catchments with periods of bare soils. Well drained soils were less sensitive to erosion even on arable land; however, under extreme rainfall conditions, all bare soils remain a high sediment loss risk. Analysis of storm-period and seasonal dynamics (over the long term) using high-resolution monitoring would be beneficial to further explore the impact of landscape, climate and land use characteristics on SS export.

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Section: Suspended Sediment Metrics In Five Agricultural Catchmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S C Sherriff Et Al: Suspended Sediment Dynamics In Agricumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S C Sherriff Et Al: Suspended Sediment Dynamics In Agricumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating suspended sediment dynamics in contrasting agricultural catchments using ex situ turbidity-based suspended sediment monitoring

Sherriff

Rowan

Melland

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Variation, however, results from changes in soil type (Fullen et al, 2006) and tillage management (Deasy et al, 2010). Soils under arable crops are most susceptible to structural damage due to the frequency with which they are tilled (Regan et al, 2012). Furthermore, arable soils can have higher P concentrations than grassland soils due to the more intensive use (e.g., planting, fertilization, and removal) of crops.…”

Section: Scope For Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water: Water Quality and Challenges from Agriculture

McDowell

Laurenson

2014

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems

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“…Modelling of water and tillage erosion rates across Europe suggests that soil is being lost at a rate greater than it can be replenished by natural soil formation, which can result in nutrient and sediment loss to waterways (Regan et al 2012). Excess sediment can clog the interstitial spaces in the river substratum, a habitat for some fish embryos and invertebrates, thus preventing exchange of O2 supplied to such species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of oxygen in river substrates

Neill

Walsh

Lucey

2013

Water & Environment J

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A study was conducted to establish if river substratum dissolved oxygen (DO) could be measured directly. Hitherto, such measurements have been carried out by proxy and indirect methods or by direct methods following installation of cores/tubes into the streambed. Redox potential (Eh) readings were also taken at most of the sites for comparison. The overall conclusion is that a reliable, off-the-shelf instrumental method of directly measuring DO in river substrates has been tested in laboratory and field conditions. The Eh meter, per contra, did give aberrant results for some measurements particularly in the field but had the advantage of a slimmer probe for easier penetration into substrata. The measurement technique, to determine river interstitial sediment O2, is a simple and quick direct in situ method that produces reliable results.

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A review of phosphorus and sediment release from Irish tillage soils, the methods used to quantify losses and the current state of mitigation practice

Cited by 11 publications

References 118 publications

Investigating suspended sediment dynamics in contrasting agricultural catchments using ex situ turbidity-based suspended sediment monitoring

Investigating suspended sediment dynamics in contrasting agricultural catchments using ex situ turbidity-based suspended sediment monitoring

Water: Water Quality and Challenges from Agriculture

Direct measurement of oxygen in river substrates

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