A review of pharmacological and toxicological potentials of marine cyanobacterial metabolites

Abstract

Novel toxic metabolites from marine cyanobacteria have been thoroughly explored. Biologically active and chemically diverse compounds that could be hepatotoxic, neurotoxic or cytotoxic, such as cyclic peptides, lipopeptides, fatty acid amides, alkaloids and saccharides, have been produced from marine cyanobacteria. Many reports have revealed that biosynthesis of active metabolites is predominant during cyanobacterial bloom formation. Marine cyanobacterial toxic metabolites exhibit important biological properties, such as interfering in signal transduction either by activation or blockage of sodium channels or by targeting signaling proteins; inducing apoptosis by disrupting cytoskeletal proteins; and inhibiting membrane transporters, receptors, serine proteases and topoisomerases. The pharmacological importance of these metabolites resides in their proliferation and growth-controlling abilities towards cancer cell lines and disease-causing potent microbial agents (bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa). Besides their toxic and pharmacological potentials, the present review discusses structural and functional resemblance of marine cyanobacterial metabolites to marine algae, sponges and mollusks.

Cyanobacteria, Lyngbya aestuarii and Aphanothece bullosa as antifungal and antileishmanial drug resources

“…Cyanobacterial genera are known to possess various sort of bioactive molecules active against prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes [29,30] . There are frequent reports of screening of cyanobacteria as a source of antibacterial molecules, in contrast to infrequent report of antifungal as well as antileishmanial activity and/biomolecules.…”

Produtos naturais marinhos: isolamento e identificação de metabólitos inéditos a partir de fungos endofíticos e cianobactérias utilizando técnicas de eliciação química epigenética e desreplicação via redes moleculares

“…coletadas de diferentes regiões do mundo (Tan, 2013). Estruturalmente, são representantes exemplares do metabolismo secundário de cianobactérias, visto que apresentam duas porções de policetídeos intercaladas por uma sequência de resíduos de aminoácidos (Nunnery et al, 2010;Nagarajan et al, 2012). As sete substâncias desta série (A-G) apresentaram potências comparáveis quanto a seus efeitos antiproliferativos, em escala de nanomolar (Russo, Cesario, 2012).…”

“…Em alguns casos, a cadeia de ácido graxo pode possuir 12 átomos de carbono, como para as malingamidas G, U, V e W ou 16 átomos de carbono como para as malingamidas D e E (Nagarajan et al, 2012).…”

“…Evidências experimentais sugerem que malingamidas de moderada a fraca toxicidade são produzidas por Moorea producens para proteção contra herbívoros (Leão et al, 2012;Nagarajan et al, 2012). Além disso, malingamidas da série F mostraram atividade anti-inflamatória no ensaio com macrófagos estimulados por LPS através da inibição de produção de NO, com valores de CI50 na faixa de concentração de micromolar (Nunnery et al, 2010;.…”

“…Gerwick, Moore, 2012;Nagarajan et al, 2012;Russo, Cesario, 2012;Dixit, Suseela, 2013;Gerwick, Fenner, 2013;Tan, 2013).…”