A review of passive systems for the treatment of acid mine drainage

Gazea, B.; Adam, Kenneth R.; Kontopoulos, A.

doi:10.1016/0892-6875(95)00129-8

Cited by 257 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…AMD are waters with typical high concentrations of dissolved heavy metals and sulfate and can have a pH as low as 2. [1][2][3] When AMD is discharged untreated, it can pollute receiving streams and aquifers, and the resulting overall effect on streams and waterways can be very dramatic. Some of the harmful effects of AMD on the environment include the disappearance of all aquatic life, the coating of river bottoms with layers of rustlike particles, and the decrease in pH of the water and streams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore essential that methods are in place to treat mine drainage to limit its negative effect on the environment. [1] South African FA contains relatively high concentrations of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and CaO, with CaO considered as a liming agent to neutralize AMD. [4] The possibility was explored to use a codisposal reaction, first to neutralize AMD by codisposing it with FA and second to collect the filtrates of the reaction for zeolite synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alkaline hydrothermal conversion of fly ash precipitates into zeolites 3: The removal of mercury and lead ions from wastewater

Somerset

Petrik

Iwuoha

2008

Journal of Environmental Management

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Filtrates were collected using a codisposal reaction wherein fly ash was reacted with acid mine drainage. These codisposal filtrates were then analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry for quantitative determination of the SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 content. Alkaline hydrothermal zeolite synthesis was then applied to the filtrates to convert the fly ash material into zeolites. The zeolites formed under the experimental conditions were faujasite, sodalite, and zeolite A. The use of the fly ash-derived zeolites and a commercial zeolite was explored in wastewater decontamination experiments as it was applied to acid mine drainage in different dosages. The concentrations of Ni, Zn, Cd, As, and Pb metal ions in the treated wastewater were investigated. The results of the treatment of the acid mine drainage with the prepared fly ash zeolites showed that the concentrations of Ni, Zn, Cd, and Hg were decreased as the zeolite dosages of the fly ash zeolite (FAZ1) increased.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline hydrothermal conversion of fly ash precipitates into zeolites 3: The removal of mercury and lead ions from wastewater

Somerset

Petrik

Iwuoha

2008

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…In natural systems with circumneutral pH values, the kinetics of abiotic oxidation processes are typically 5 -10 times faster than biological mechanisms of oxidation at lower pH values. Ferric iron hydrolysis occurs quickly at a pH 3.5 [23] . A second mechanism for iron removal from wastewater in constructed wetlands is the formation of insoluble metal sulphides by sulphate reducing bacteria in anoxic zones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Hall et al [22] , one of the fundamental processes responsible for successful iron removal in surface flow (aerobic) wetlands is the oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ) to ferric iron (Fe 3+ ) and the hydrolysis of Fe 3+ to ferric iron hydroxide Fe(OH) 3 as shown in the following equations. Precipitates such as Fe(OH) 3 , cause an orange staining and sludge build up on substrate surfaces [23] . [24] state that the removal of iron from aerobic waters with a pH > 4 is limited by the oxidation process (Equation 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Stormwater Runoff and Landfill Leachates Using a Surface Flow Constructed Wetland

Snow¹,

Ghaly²,

Côté³

2008

American J. of Environmental Sciences

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A surface flow wetland was constructed in the Burnside Industrial Park, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, to treat stormwater runoff from the surrounding watersheds which are comprised primarily of commercial properties and two former landfills. The aim was to protect a freshwater ecosystem that consists of a 4.6 km long brook and two lakes. The ability of the constructed wetland to retain iron and manganese from the influent water was investigated and the change in pH of the water as it flowed through the cells was assessed. In 2004, the total iron removal efficiency of the constructed wetland ranged from a low of 47.

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“…Porém, isto requer elevada quantidade de energia, tornando lento o processo de oxidação deste metal, especialmente em ph <8. 11,12 Em ph próximo a 7, essa oxidação pode ser catalisada por meio de microrganismos, o que não procede na presença de concentrações elevadas de Fe 2+ na solução. 10,11 De modo geral, o íon ferroso reduz a capacidade de oxidação do mn 2+ e a remoção significativa de mn na drenagem ácida ocorrerá apenas quando as condições forem favoráveis para baixar a concentração de Fe 2+ .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Processos físico-químicos em drenagem ácida de mina em mineração de carvão no sul do Brasil

Campaner¹,

Luiz-Silva²

2009

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 11/3/08; aceito em 14/8/08; publicado na web em 18/12/08PhySICo-ChEmICal PRoCESSES IN aCID mINE DRaINaGE IN Coal mINING, SoUth BRazIl. acid mine drainage generated from coal mine showed a ph of 3.2, high concentrations of So 4 2− , al, Fe, mn, zn and minor as, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb. the major reduction in the concentration occurred for al, as, Cr, Fe and Pb after the treatment with Cao. the evolution of these acid waters within the tributary stream showed decreasing concentration for all soluble constituents, except al. this natural attenuation was controlled by ph (6.4 to 10.8) as a result of concurrent mixing with tributary stream and reaction with local bedrock that contains limestone. aluminum increasing concentration during this evolution seems to be related to an input of al-enriched waters due to the leaching of silicate minerals in alkaline conditions. Keywords: acid mine drainage; metal contamination; treatment with Cao. introdução Drenagem ácida de mina (Dam) é um grave problema oriundo das atividades de mineração, tanto de metais quanto de carvão, por causar a degradação da qualidade de águas superficiais e subterrâneas, solos e sedimentos. a Dam é gerada especialmente pela oxidação de minerais de sulfeto e tem alta capacidade de lixiviação de elementos presentes no minério e nas rochas circundantes à área minerada. Estas drenagens são caracterizadas por ph baixo, alta condutividade e altas concentrações de al, Fe, mn, entre outros metais e metalóides, que auxiliam na acidez destas drenagens, uma vez que podem sofrer reações de hidrólise. 1 os minerais presentes nas rochas explotadas, o tipo e a quantidade do sulfeto oxidado condicionam os níveis de contaminação por metais e metalóides associados com a Dam, e são específicos de cada ambiente. 1,2 Dentre os sulfetos freqüentemente encontrados e que podem produzir drenagem ácida estão a pirita (FeS 2 ), arsenopirita (FeasS), calcopirita (CuFeS 2 ) e calcocita (Cu 2 S), sendo a primeira a mais comum. 3 o reconhecimento dos riscos ambientais da Dam tem conduzido ao desenvolvimento de várias técnicas para minimizar o impacto destas correntes ácidas nos ecossistemas. os sistemas convencionais de neutralização de Dam que utilizam reagentes alcalinos (e.g. Cao e CaCo 3 ) são os mais empregados em áreas de mineração. Estes sistemas consistem no aumento do ph e na remoção de metais na forma de hidróxidos. a principal característica da neutralização com reagentes alcalinos é a formação de resíduos (lama) decorrentes do processo de precipitação dos sólidos. Em geral, o processo de precipitação de constituintes químicos é em função do ph. Entretanto, outros fatores podem contribuir neste processo, como força iônica, temperatura, Eh, estado de oxidação dos metais, concentrações dos metais em solução e suas interações com sólidos precipitados. 4 Estudos prévios apontaram que a eficiência da neutralização por reagentes carbonáticos é fortemente influenciada por elevadas concentrações de ferro em solução. 5,6 o revestimento das partículas dos reagentes...

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A review of passive systems for the treatment of acid mine drainage

Cited by 257 publications

References 7 publications

Alkaline hydrothermal conversion of fly ash precipitates into zeolites 3: The removal of mercury and lead ions from wastewater

Alkaline hydrothermal conversion of fly ash precipitates into zeolites 3: The removal of mercury and lead ions from wastewater

Treatment of Stormwater Runoff and Landfill Leachates Using a Surface Flow Constructed Wetland

Processos físico-químicos em drenagem ácida de mina em mineração de carvão no sul do Brasil

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