A Review of Oxidation on Steel Surfaces in the Context of Fire Investigations

Colwell, Jeff D.; Babić, Darko

doi:10.4271/2012-01-0990

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Magnetite and hematite are the products of oxidation between 300 °C and 600 °C 43 . When the oxidation process occurs above 570 °C, only wuestite is formed 44 . The presence of wuestite on the substrate indicates that the surface has reached a temperature higher than 570 °C and this was confirmed by the thermal images.…”

Section: Fire Resistance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intumescent Coatings Based on Tannins for Fire Protection

et al. 2019

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Accidents involving fire occur every day around the world, affecting thousands of people and causing economic losses. Some accidents are caused by steel structure failures, which experience a significant reduction in mechanical properties at temperatures of 400-550˚C. Therefore, fire protective coatings are required for steel structures and interest in the development of intumescent coatings has increased considerably. In this study, black wattle tannin was used as a carbon source in the formulation of intumescent coatings. Concentrations of 5% and 10% of tannin were incorporated into a novolac resin. The coating was applied on a steel plate and the thermal protection was evaluated by sample exposure to a flame for 30 min. The results showed that the tannin compound could be used as a carbon source for intumescent coatings. The temperature of the samples containing 10% of this compound was almost 300 ˚C lower compared to the uncoated steel plate.

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Section: Fire Resistance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intumescent Coatings Based on Tannins for Fire Protection

et al. 2019

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“…Traditionally, the fire investigators rely on visual observation and macroscopic comparison to evaluate the fire patterns, which are fairly necessary yet not sufficient to give reliable and convincing conclusion . For instance, the color alteration of oxidized metal surface is associated with a wide variety of factors including the types of oxide, the relative thickness of the oxide layer, the effect of contamination, severe local spallation of oxide scales during, and post fire exposure . Starting from the fact that exposure at different temperatures and gases causes different metallurgic modifications in the oxide film, it is possible to define an interval of temperature or the gas kind the component was exposed to; this fact can be used to understand how the fire evolved or to validate results obtained by mathematical and physical models, which are increasingly being used in the investigative phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of simulated combustion atmospheres on oxidation and microstructure evolution of aluminum alloy 5052

Xie

Wang

et al. 2017

Fire and Materials

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Summary Among the common materials, metals can be hardly destroyed by flame or the heat emanating from a normal fire. Consequently, investigation on the thermal patterns produced on metallic objects after fire exposure can provide important physical evidence for fire cause/origin determination. Aluminum alloy is widely used in our daily life and the industry; hence, it can be easily found on a domestic or industrial fire scene. In this paper, the aluminum alloy 5052 was exposed in the simulated combustion gases with and without kerosene in the range of 300 to 500°C. Mass change, morphologies, and microstructures of each sample were carefully characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, morphologic observation, and electron microscopy observation with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy analysis after exposure. As expected, the microstructure of alloy changed during high temperature exposure. At the same time, an oxide scale formed and was thickened on the surface of alloy. The results reveal that the temperature can significantly affect the growth of oxide scale and the metallurgical microstructure of alloy. It is noteworthy that the presence of kerosene in the combustion gas accelerated oxidation rate and produced oxide scales different from those formed in air. These feature evolutions in surface oxide are expected to offer complementary insight on determining the fire characteristics, such as the exposure temperature, period and whether liquid accelerant is involved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on oxidation and microstructure evolution of pure Cu in simulated air–kerosene combustion atmospheres

et al. 2016

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Summary Copper is among the most frequently found metallic residues in fire scene environment. Investigations on the thermal patterns produced on copper after fire scene exposure can provide important physical evidence for fire cause/origin determination. In this paper, the high temperature oxidation behaviors and the accompanying micro‐structural changes of pure copper have been studied in air and laboratory simulated kerosene‐combustion atmospheres at 600–800 °C. The oxidation kinetics, morphologies and microstructures of the oxide scales‐substrate were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and X‐ray diffractions. The results reveal that the increasing temperature can significantly affect the oxide properties and modify the substrate metallurgical microstructure. Especially, the presence of kerosene in the environmental atmosphere has caused accelerated oxidation and produced oxide scales different from those formed in air alone. These feature evolutions in surface oxides and substrate are expected to offer complementary insight on determining the fire characteristics, such as the exposure temperature, time period and whether liquid accelerant is involved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A Review of Oxidation on Steel Surfaces in the Context of Fire Investigations

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Intumescent Coatings Based on Tannins for Fire Protection

Intumescent Coatings Based on Tannins for Fire Protection

Effect of simulated combustion atmospheres on oxidation and microstructure evolution of aluminum alloy 5052

Investigations on oxidation and microstructure evolution of pure Cu in simulated air–kerosene combustion atmospheres

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