A Review of Over 100 Polymer Gel Injection Well Conformance Treatments in 
Argentina and Venezuela: Design, Field Implementation, and Evaluation

Norman, Charles; Turner, Benjamín L.; Romero, Jorge; Centeno, Guillermo; Muruaga, Enrique

doi:10.2523/101781-ms

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Gelling systems cross-linked with metal ions [11,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Several cases of success of field applications of in situ cross-linked gelling systems have been reported for the conformance-improvement treatment of high-permeability zones located near-wellbore (with radial penetration into the matrix lower than 5 m) and far-wellbore (with radial penetration into the matrix greater than 5 m). However, in situ cross-linked gelling systems still face a number of operational difficulties regarding the control of the gelation kinetics, the efficient mixing of the polymer and cross-linker within the reservoir, the prevention of undesirable separation of the gelant components into the heterogeneous matrix, and the risk of plugging the whole formation or areas containing oil [23].…”

Section: Formation Water Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels Applied for Conformance-Improvement Treatment of Oil Reservoirs

Tessarolli¹,

Gomes²,

Mansur³

2018

Hydrogels

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This chapter aims at presenting a review of gelling polymer systems that are commercially available or under academic development with potential to control the anisotropic permeability profile of heterogeneous oil reservoirs. In these reservoirs, the oil recovery and sweep efficiency tend to be low, even after applying secondary and enhanced oil recovery methods, because the injected fluid flows preferably through the matrix's most permeable regions leaving behind part of the displaceable oil retained at the nonswept volume. For that, cross-linked polymers can be used to plug the high-permeability main paths by means of: (i) the formation of an in situ hydrogel or (ii) the adsorption or swelling of precross-linked hydrogel within the reservoir pores, thus causing the diversion of the subsequently injected fluid to low-permeability zones and/or preventing the channeling and early breakthrough of the injected fluid (water or gas) in production wells. The selection of the most suitable hydrogel for the reservoir conformance-improvement treatment should take into account the nature of the conformance problem, the reservoir's lithology, mineralogy, temperature, pH value, salinity, and hardness of the formation water, as well as the gelling system toxicity and cost.

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Section: Formation Water Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels Applied for Conformance-Improvement Treatment of Oil Reservoirs

Tessarolli¹,

Gomes²,

Mansur³

2018

Hydrogels

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“…Known literature demonstrates in a practical way the benefits of the polymer gel (Norman et al, 2006;Al-Muntasheri, Nasr-El-Din & Zitha, 2008); however, beyond the qualitative analysis proposed by the creators, and other few studies, the matter is still a research subject. In this paper fluid-fluid analysis with quantitative techniques to shed light on the mechanisms of operation of the subject are proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of mixing parameters for polymer gels used for the correction of water injection profiles

Toro

García

Díaz

et al. 2015

CT&F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro

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Polymer gels as modifiers of the injection profile in secondary recovery processes are a widely used technic in the industry, however, its use is based on the success of their applications, without existing a detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of the phenomenon, leaving open big doubts on design factors, risk variables, prediction of results to be obtained, etc.Design of applications in the field is performed following the concepts formulated since the creation of the technology, involving only fluid-fluid tests, with a qualitative approach that does not allow a detailed analysis of the phenomena.Fluid-fluid tests, commonly used in this technology, are the starting point of this research to further involve quantitative analysis such as ultraviolet rays and rheological tests for better understanding of the process. From this research were obtained new ways to assess mixing parameters needed prior to field application of gels for plugging of water thief zones. ABSTRACTHow to cite: Maya-Toro, G. A., Castro-García, R. H., Jiménez-Díaz, R. & Muñoz-Navarro, S. F. (2015). Analysis of mixing parameters for polymer gels used for the correction of water injection profiles. CT&F -Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro, 6(1), 43-68. ANÁLISIS DE LOS PARÁMETROS DE MEZCLA PARA GELES POLIMÉRICOS USADOS PARA CORRECCIÓN DE PERFILES DE INYECCIÓN 44O gel de polímero como modificador do perfil de injeção em processos de recuperação secundária é uma técnica amplamente utilizada na indústria, no entanto, seu uso está baseado no sucesso de suas aplicações, sem que ainda exista um conhecimento detalhado sobre os mecanismos do fenómeno, deixando abertas grandes dúvidas sobre fatores de desenho, variáveis de risco, predição de resultados a ser obtidos, etc.O desenho de aplicações no campo se faz segundo os conceitos formulados desde a criação da tecnologia, envolvendo apenas testes fluído-fluído, com uma abordagem qualitativa que não possibilita uma análise detalhada do fenómeno.Os testes fluído-fluído, comumente utilizados nesta tecnologia, são os pontos de partida da pesquisa para integrar ainda mais a análise qualitativa como raios ultravioletas e testes reológicos para uma melhor compreensão do processo. Com base nesta pesquisa, conseguimos novas formas de avaliar os parâmetros de mistura necessários antes da aplicação em campo de geles para a obturação de zonas water thief. L os geles poliméricos como modificadores del perfil de inyección en procesos de recobro secundario son una técnica ampliamente utilizada en la industria, sin embargo, su uso se fundamenta en el éxito de sus aplicaciones, sin existir un conocimiento detallado de los mecanismos del fenómeno, y dejando abiertas grandes dudas sobre factores de diseño, variables de riesgo, predicción de los resultados a obtener, etc.El diseño de las aplicaciones en campo es realizado siguiendo los conceptos formulados desde la creación de la tecnología, involucrando solamente pruebas fluido-fluido, con enfoque cualitativo que no permite analizar en detalle los fenómenos presentes.Esta invest...

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“…Typical chemicals are weak gel, Preformed Particle Gel (PPG), Colloid Dispersion Gel (CDG), clay gels, and industry wastes. Polymer concentrations usually range from 800 to 2000 mg/L for weak gel and from 400 to 1000 mg/L for CDG, both of which are also studied and used in the other part of the world [47][48][49][50][51][52]. Specifically, China accumulated quite a lot experiences in the use of PPG, clay gels and industry wastes, such as sludge from produced water treatments, oily sludge from oil production and processing.…”

Section: Untreated Producter Injectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many conventional testing techniques have been successfully applied for the purposes, including injection profile log, production log, temperature survey, single-well testing, inter-well tracer monitoring technology, multiple-well testing, and crosswell seismic topographic imaging [43][44][45][46][47]. Table 1 lists the advantage, disadvantage and application of some important methods.…”

Section: Reservoir/wellbore Problem Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A tracer is an identifiable substance that can be followed through the course of a process providing information on the pattern of events in the process or on the redistribution of the parts or elements involved [47,[87][88] . Ideally, selected tracers should have no reaction with fluids and rocks in a reservoir and its concentration is easy to detect.…”

Section: Interwell Tracer Monitoring and Explanation Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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