A review of orbital and intracranial magnetic resonance imaging in 79 canine and 13 feline patients (2004–2010)

Abstract

Orbital neoplasia was the most common pathologic condition detected. Essential Roentgen characteristics are helpful when diagnosing pathologic processes and providing prognoses in cases of orbital or intracranial disease. Magnetic resonance imaging comprises an important diagnostic component in cases of suspected ON. Emerging contrast and functional MRI techniques as well as SI data may increase our ability to characterize disease processes.

Automated tru-cut imaging-guided core needle biopsy of canine orbital neoplasia. A prospective feasibility study

“…Orbital neoplasia can be easily detected on advanced imaging examinations in many circumstances. It may be found incidentally on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the skull, performed for other non-ophthalmological diseases (Armour et al, 2011;Boland et al, 2013). More often, however, the lesion may be looked for directly with imaging in those patients with ophthalmological signs suspected for an orbital lesion.…”

“…Orbital neoplasia should be differentiated from inflammatory conditions such as orbital abscess or orbital cellulitis. Orbital CT has been reported as a highly specific imaging test for differentiating inflammatory and neoplastic conditions in small animals (Boroffka et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2009;Armour et al, 2011;Lederer et al, 2015). Given the wide variety of diseases that can be encountered, advanced imaging modalities play a major role in the diagnostic and staging assessment of the lesion, guiding therapeutic decisions and monitoring or follow-up of treatment (Penninck et al, 2001;Collins et al, 2013).…”

“…Given the wide variety of diseases that can be encountered, advanced imaging modalities play a major role in the diagnostic and staging assessment of the lesion, guiding therapeutic decisions and monitoring or follow-up of treatment (Penninck et al, 2001;Collins et al, 2013). CT, MRI (Boroffka and Voorhout, 1999;Armour et al, 2011;Lederer et al, 2015) and ultrasound (US) have been demonstrated to be accurate in evaluating orbital disease (Mason et al, 2001;Boroffka et al, 2007). In addition, US has been demonstrated to be particularly useful in guiding interventional procedures throughout the body both in veterinary and in human patients (Phillips and Schneider, 1981;Gupta et al, 1999;Constantin et al, 2010;Orlandi et al, 2013;Spiess and Pot, 2013).…”

Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation mimicking a malignant spindle cell tumor in a dog

“…We consider that the term “pseudotumor” is less than ideal for these orbital inflammatory growths – we have thus adopted the most recent nomenclature from the human literature to promote cohesive cross‐translational understanding of the pathology while awaiting a more refined classification in companion species. Most orbital tumors are considered to be malignant with a poor to guarded prognosis 9, 10; by contrast, IOI is defined as benign, orbital inflammation without evidence of a specific local or systemic etiology 8, 11, 12, 13, 14. A common disorder in humans, IOI occurs most often between the third and fifth decades of life 8, 11, 13, 15.…”

Exophthalmia due to intracranial abscess from grass seed foreign material in a dog

“…Previous studies report that the presence of orbital bone lesions was suggestive of neoplasia and that other ultrasonographic findings are not specific (Mason and others 2001). For this reason further diagnostic imaging techniques are utilised for the assessment of retrobulbar disease in veterinary species including MRI and CT, either alone, or in conjunction with ocular ultrasound (Grahn and others 1993, Dennis 2000, Penninck and others 2001, Gonzalez and others 2001, Sturges and others 2006, Hecht and Adams 2010, Armour and others 2011). …”