A Review of One‐Dimensional Nanomaterials as Electrode Materials for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis

Abstract

In fuel cells, the generally low oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) rate at the cathode is a major factor limiting the overall performance of fuel cell, so the development of high‐performance, stable and inexpensive ORR electrocatalysts is a major researching direction. Nano‐electrocatalysts, especially one‐dimensional (1D) electrocatalysts, exhibit good catalytic behavior in fuel cell reactions due to their unique anisotropic structure, large specific surface area, high elasticity and excellent stability. To date, many advanced 1D electrocatalysts have been reported for optimizing the cathode ORR of fuel cells. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the structural design of 1D nano‐electrocatalysts and a systematic analysis of their enhanced performance still need further summarized and concluded. In this review, we firstly introduce the main synthetic methods of 1D electrocatalysts, and then discuss the recent advances and advantages of different structured 1D electrocatalysts involving nanofibers, nanotubes, nanorods, nanochains, nanowires, nanobelts, nanoneedles, nanowhiskers, and coaxial nanocables. In addition, we also introduce 1D electrocatalysts while highlighting advanced strategies and preparation methods for these different structured 1D electrocatalysts to improve ORR performance. Finally, we prospect the future development of 1D ORR electrocatalysts.

Advanced design strategies for Fe-based metal–organic framework-derived electrocatalysts toward high-performance Zn–air batteries

“…However, due to the 0D nature of electrocatalysts, it is difficult to expose their active sites, which limits their electrocatalytic activity. 82 This type of electrocatalyst has a large surface energy and low packing density, making it prone to self-aggregation, thereby affecting the stability during the cycling process. The percolation network formed by one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures has better electrical conductivity than 0D structures.…”

CoP nanoparticles embedded in three-dimensional porous network-like structured N, O co-doped carbon nanofibers as an effective bi-functional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries

“…[33][34][35] Among them, metal phosphides with metal-like characteristics are promising bi-functional electrocatalysts due to their excellent electrical conductivity, high physicochemical safety and low cost. 27,[36][37][38] Cobalt phosphide, as a semiconductor material with excellent thermal stability, strong chemical stability, outstanding electrical conductivity and efficient catalytic properties, is a highly efficient, stable and inexpensive transition metal phosphide, which has the conditions for the preparation of highly efficient bi-functional electrocatalysts and has attracted much attention in recent years. 39,40 For example, Jiang et al 41 immobilized Co 2 P particles on Co, N and P co-doped graphene nanosheets, which showed excellent bi-functional electrocatalytic activity, where the electronegativity of C (2.55) was greater than that of P (2.16) and lower than that of N (3.04).…”