A review of non-axisymmetric guided waves and their corresponding transducers for defect detection in circular tube structures

Abstract

An axisymmetric guided wave mode is excited independently within a circular tube structure to reduce the complexity of signal interpretation through the prevention of unwanted wave polarisations and reflections. However, it is difficult to use the axisymmetric guided wave to determine the circumferential position and coverage of a defect within the circular tube structure. Non-axisymmetric guided waves can be used to mitigate the limitation of the axisymmetric guided wave through the adoption of a partially covered transducer design and analysis of the propagation characteristics. The partial excitation of non-axisymmetric guided waves can facilitate the arrangement of a transducer during defect detection. This paper reviews state-of-the-art research on non-axisymmetric guided waves for determining the axial positions, circumferential positions, and circumferential lengths of defects. First, the fundamental analysis of a specific non-axisymmetric guided wave mode based on the normal mode expansion method and beam directivity analysis method reveals that the propagation characteristics of the wave mode are closely related to the working principle and configuration of the corresponding transducer. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of transducers and transducer arrays for the excitation of non-axisymmetric guided waves are introduced and discussed. Finally, the current defect detection methods based on non-axisymmetric guided waves are discussed and summarised. This review can promote the application of non-axisymmetric guided waves in defect detection.

Circumferential Damage Monitoring of Steel Pipe Using a Radar Map Based on Torsional Guided Waves

“…Very few studies have been conducted on monitoring the circumferential location of defects in pipelines. The reason is that the exciting method of axisymmetric torsional guided waves in the pipeline is mostly using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) in which the transducer is an integral circular ring set on the outer of the pipe [21,24], it is difficult to determine the circumferential location and coverage of a defect because the recorded signals do not provide circumferential information [25]. Recently, some scholars have successfully used PZT to excite a fully axisymmetric torsional wave.…”