A review of new methods of surface chemical modification, dispersion and electrophoretic deposition of metal oxide particles

Abstract

A bio-inspired chemical approach has been developed for the surface modification, dispersion and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of metal oxide particles. The study of the chemical mechanism of mussel adhesion to different surfaces has driven the development of advanced dispersing agents with strong adsorption to oxide nanoparticles. The investigation of dopamine, caffeic acid, tiron and other molecules from the catechol family, and various molecules from salicylic acid, gallic acid, and chromotropic acid families revealed their strong adsorption to metal oxide surfaces. The analysis of dispersion and deposition yield data for various materials provided an insight into the influence of molecular structures of the organic dispersants on adsorption mechanisms and EPD efficiency. The adsorbed dispersants imparted new and unique properties to the nanoparticles. Further advancements in the EPD technology were achieved by the use of cationic and anionic dyes such as pyrocatechol violet, celestine blue, alizarin red from the catechol family and alizarin yellow, aurintricarboxylic acid and calconcarboxylic acid from salicylate family and their derivatives. It was discovered that polyaromatic dyes can be used as efficient co-dispersants for oxide materials, carbon nanotubes and graphene for the fabrication of composite films by EPD. Another important breakthrough was the development of film forming dispersants for EPD nanotechnology. New strategies have emerged for the synthesis of nonagglomerated nanoparticles of controlled size, organic fibers and coated particles. The use of new dispersants with strong interfacial adsorption and multifunctional properties has driven the development of advanced composites, containing metal oxide nanoparticles, conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, polyelectrolytes and other materials. Colloidal and interface chemistry of new dispersing agents is emerging as a new area of technological and scientific interest.

Preparation of supercapacitors based on nanocomposites films of MnO2/CB/C from sodium alginate and MnO2 nanoparticles by direct electrophoretic deposition and carbonization

“…Compared with other methods for film preparation, the electrophoretic deposition has many merits: the process principle is simple, and it is applicable to wide ranges materials, such as metal, polymer and ceramics. The film is uniform and the thickness is easy to be controlled [19]. The devices for electrophoretic deposition and production process are cost-effective and can be easily automated.…”

Electrochemical supercapacitor based on multiferroic BiMn 2 O 5

“…Such dispersants show good adsorption on MWCNT due to the pep interactions and allow electrosteric dispersion [14,39]. On the other hand, the catechol ligands of such dispersants provide their strong adsorption on metal oxide nanoparticles due to the complex formation between the catechol ligand of the dispersant and metal atoms on the particle surface [14,40]. Recent review [40] described fundamental aspects of the adsorption of different dispersants from the catechol family.…”

“…On the other hand, the catechol ligands of such dispersants provide their strong adsorption on metal oxide nanoparticles due to the complex formation between the catechol ligand of the dispersant and metal atoms on the particle surface [14,40]. Recent review [40] described fundamental aspects of the adsorption of different dispersants from the catechol family. It was found that polyaromatic Celestine blue [40] dye is a versatile dispersion agent, suitable for efficient colloidal processing of MWCNT and various oxide materials.…”

Influence of chemical structure of dyes on capacitive dye removal from solutions

“…It is important to note that some dyes exhibit pH dependent solubility and pH dependent charge. Such dyes can precipitate at electrodes due to the pH increase at the cathode or pH decrease at the anode surface [41][42][43][44][45]. The precipitation mechanism is triggered by the electrochemical decomposition of water and other electrochemical electrode reactions in aqueous solutions [41][42][43][44][45][46].…”