A review of neighborhood effects and early child development: How, where, and for whom, do neighborhoods matter?

Minh, Anita; Muhajarine, Nazeem; Janus, Magdalena; Brownell, Marni; Guhn, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.04.012

Cited by 250 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The impacts of the limited support for young children can also be seen in educational attainment with only 65% of children from slum communities attend primary school, compared to 84% outside the slums [6]. This evidence supports the body of knowledge from high income countries that a child's place of residence in uences their development and health [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Understanding Demand for, and Feasibility of, Centre-based Child-care for Poor Urban Households: A Mixed Methods Study in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Elsey

Fieroze

Shawon³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Centre-based child-care has potential to provide multiple health and development benefits to children, families and societies. With rapid urbanisation, increasing numbers of low-income women work with reduced support from extended family, leaving a child-care vacuum in many low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to understand perceptions of, and demand for, centre-based child-care in Dhaka, Bangladesh among poor, urban households, and test the feasibility of delivering sustainable centre-based child-care. Methods: We used sequential mixed methods including a household survey (n=222) and qualitative interviews with care-givers (n=16), community leaders (n=5) and policy-makers (n=5). We co-produced and piloted a centre-based child-care model over ten-months, documenting implementation. A co-design focus group with mothers, parents’ meetings, and qualitative interviews with child-care centre users (n=5), non-users (n=3), ex-users (n=3) and staff (2) were used to refine the model and identify implementation issues. Results: We found 24% (95% CI: 16%,37%) of care-givers reported turning-down paid work due to lack of child-care and 84% (95% CI:74%, 91%) reported wishing to use centre-based child-care and were willing to pay up to 283 Takka (~$3.30) per month. Adjusted odds of reported need for child-care among slum households were 3.8 times those of non-slum households (95% CI: 1.4, 10). Implementation highlighted that poor households needed free child-care with food provided, presenting feasibility challenges. Meta-inference across quantitative and qualitative findings identified the impact of urban environment on child-care through long working hours, low social capital and fears for child safety. These influences interacted with religious and social norms resulting in caution in using centre-based child-care despite evident need.Conclusion: sustainable provision of centre-based care that focuses on early childhood development requires subsidy and careful design sensitive to the working lives of poor families, particularly women and must respond to the dynamics of the urban environment and community values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Understanding Demand for, and Feasibility of, Centre-based Child-care for Poor Urban Households: A Mixed Methods Study in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Elsey

Fieroze

Shawon³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…For example, studies have demonstrated that parents' views on the quality of the physical neighbourhood and feelings of safeness have implications for children's moral development (Ball, Smetana, Sturge-Apple, Suor, & Skibo, 2017) and behavioural problems (Ma & Grogan-Kaylor, 2017). Low neighbourhood quality may be linked to cognitive development through proximal processes such as access to resources, parenting, and parental well-being (see for review, Minh, Muhajarine, Janus, Brownell, & Guhn, 2017). Furthermore, perceptions of the neighbourhood have been shown to moderate the association between family risk and child externalizing behaviours (Lima, Caughy, Nettles, & O'Campo, 2010).…”

Section: Neighbourhood Chaosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood chaos moderates the association of socioeconomic status and child executive functioning

John

Tarullo

2019

Infant and Child Development

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Although broad associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and child executive functions (EFs) are well established, contextual factors that may matter for effects of SES on EF are not fully understood. This study used a bioecological approach to examine factors that may moderate SES–EF relations. A socioeconomically diverse sample of children ages 4.5–5.5 completed working memory and go/no‐go tasks. Parents reported on well‐being, household chaos, and neighbourhood chaos. Higher SES related to better working memory performance and higher accuracy on go trials, but neighbourhood chaos moderated these associations. Specifically, for higher neighbourhood chaos, the relations between SES and working memory and go accuracy (indexing general vigilance) were especially pronounced, such that the best EF performance was observed in children in high‐SES households who experienced higher neighbourhood chaos. Results highlight the relevance of neighbourhood quality for underlying processes of EF development, particularly in the context of high SES. Further, findings suggest the importance of teasing apart specific contextual factors that matter for child cognitive functioning. Highlights Children ages 4.5‐5.5 years completed working memory and go/no‐go tasks to assess executive function. Parents reported on household socioeconomic status, well‐being, household chaos and neighborhood chaos. In more chaotic neighbourhoods, SES was significantly related to child executive functions such that children with both high‐SES and high‐neighbourhood chaos showed better executive function performance. Results highlight the importance of considering the interplay of contextual factors and socio‐economic status in early childhood executive function development.

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“…Later work used provincial data or samples of national data to examine the validity of the EDI as a common tool across jurisdictions for studying children's developmental trajectories and social and educational outcomes [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. More recently, longitudinal data linkage studies have used the EDI to predict vulnerabilities in language and cognitive development [28][29][30], examine the association between child developmental health at kindergarten and later academic achievement [31][32][33], and analyze how physical and social settings (i.e., neighbourhoods) are associated with early child development [6,[34][35][36][37]. A regularly updated bibliography of published works including EDI analyses is available at: https://edi.offordcentre.com/ resources/bibliography-of-the-edi/.…”

Section: Research Using the Cannecd Database Peer-reviewed Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pan-Canadian Data Resource for Monitoring Child Developmental Health: The Canadian Neighbourhoods Early Child Development (CanNECD) Database

Janus

Enns

Forer

et al. 2018

IJPDS

Self Cite

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The Canadian Neighbourhoods Early Child Development (CanNECD) database is a unique resource for research on child developmental health and well-being within the socioeconomic and cultural context of Canadian neighbourhoods. This paper describes the CanNECD database and highlights its potential for advancing research at the intersection of child development, social determinants of health, and neighborhood effects. The CanNECD database contains Pan-Canadian population-level child developmental health data collected through regional implementation of the Early Development Instrument (EDI), geo-coded information on residential neighbourhoods covering all of Canada, and socioeconomic and demographic variables from the Canada Census and Income Taxfiler database. The data are de-identified but linkable across datasets through use of common numeric sequences. The nearly 800,000 records spanning 2003-2014 and representing all Canadian provinces and territories (with the exception of Nunavut) are compiled in a secure electronic collection system at the Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. Early studies using the EDI demonstrated its utility as a tool for assessing child developmental health at a population level, and its potential for both community-level and large-scale monitoring of child populations. Research using the CanNECD database is now examining to what extent social determinants and the steepness of the social gradients of developmental health differ between geographical jurisdictions and between different sub-populations. We are also working to identify outlier neighbourhoods in which EDI scores are substantially higher or lower than predicted by a neighbourhood’s demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and exploring other potentially important determinants of children’s developmental health. Finally, we are examining the extent to which change-over-time in aggregate EDI scores vary geographically, and how well it coincides with changes in socioeconomic factors. Thus, the CanNECD database offers the opportunity for research that will inform national policies and strategies on child developmental health.

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A review of neighborhood effects and early child development: How, where, and for whom, do neighborhoods matter?

Cited by 250 publications

References 100 publications

Understanding Demand for, and Feasibility of, Centre-based Child-care for Poor Urban Households: A Mixed Methods Study in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Understanding Demand for, and Feasibility of, Centre-based Child-care for Poor Urban Households: A Mixed Methods Study in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Neighbourhood chaos moderates the association of socioeconomic status and child executive functioning

A Pan-Canadian Data Resource for Monitoring Child Developmental Health: The Canadian Neighbourhoods Early Child Development (CanNECD) Database

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