A review of nature-based solutions for greywater treatment: Applications, hydraulic design, and environmental benefits

Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case

“…For WWs in recent years, the interest of research towards the recovery of greywater (GW) is becoming increasingly important, especially to cope with the scarcity of water at the domestic level [32][33][34][35]. As defined in literature, GW represents domestic WW generated from sinks, laundry washing and showers (excluding toilet flushing), and accounts for 50%-80% of the total domestic water use [5,36].…”

Quartz Sand Use in Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering

“…Greywater is wastewater produced in households, excluding flushed toilet water. It can be further divided into (i) light greywater, which comes from baths and showers, and (ii) dark greywater, which comes from kitchen sinks and dishwashers (Forward et al, 2017;Boano et al, 2020, Hoffmann et al, 2011. Reusing greywater in irrigation and agriculture could provide nutrients to the soil (Boano et al, 2020;Teemusk and Mander, 2011).…”

“…As stated in Boano et al (2020), the main processes to remove pollutants are adsorption and mechanical filtration, which are closely related to the bed material. Mechanical filtration's capacity for removing pathogens mainly depends on the filter bed, which consists of sand and plant roots (Maiga et al, 2017;Hoffmann et al, 2011).…”

“…The grade of runoff water purification mostly depends on the properties of the roof, such as composition and thickness of the substrate layer, vegetation, and type of drainage (Teemusk and Mander, 2011). According to Boano et al (2020), the most important factor is the type of the substrate used.…”

Attitude and Actual Behaviour towards Water-Related Green Infrastructures and Sustainable Drainage Systems in Four North-Western Mediterranean Regions of Italy and France

“…Water-related green infrastructures (WrGIs), also known as blue infrastructures, and sustainable drainage systems (SuDSs) offer services such as stormwater runoff management, water purification, water storage at the intersection of the built environment and natural systems by mimicking natural hydrological processes. Some examples of such systems are: rainwater harvesting systems [1,2] including managed aquifer recharge schemes [3], green roofs [4,5], permeable pavements [6], filter drains [7], filter strips [8], vegetated swales [9], constructed wetlands [10,11], and bioretention systems [12]. Several papers document the design, operation, and the reliability of such infrastructures in managing stormwater runoff and providing other water-related services, see [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”