A review of nanomaterials for biosensing applications

Abstract

The biosensor is a device that reacts with the analyte to be analyzed, detects its concentration, and generates readable information, which plays an important role in medical diagnosis, detection of...

What is the role of microbial biotechnology and genetic engineering in medicine?

“…All biosensors consist of a detector (the component that interacts with the analyte) and a transducer (which transforms the detected interaction into a measurable analytical signal). There are different kinds of biosensors depending on the type of recognition agent in the detector, which can vary from an entire bacterial cell to a very specific component (such as an enzyme, an antibody, or an aptamer) (Li et al, 2024).…”

“…All biosensors consist of a detector (the component that interacts with the analyte) and a transducer (which transforms the detected interaction into a measurable analytical signal). There are different kinds of biosensors depending on the type of recognition agent in the detector, which can vary from an entire bacterial cell to a very specific component (such as an enzyme, an antibody, or an aptamer) (Li et al, 2024 ). Aptamers are single‐stranded oligonucleotides with sizes between 70 and 100 nucleotides that form specific three‐dimensional structures and are capable of recognizing various types of target molecules with high affinity (similar to antibodies).…”

Modelling Prospects of Bio-Electrochemical Immunosensing Platforms

“…Thus, the choice of appropriate electrodes with surface modifications (using nanomaterials) is critical to enhance the performance and analytical sensitivity [21,22]. Nanomaterials contribute by enhancing the electrical signals (electron transfer ability), biocompatibility with biomolecules, electro-catalytic traits, higher surface area, and thus the improved loading capacity of proteins, adding a synergistic effect for signal amplification [23][24][25][26]. Nanomaterials have the potential to exhibit biocompatibility, wherein they exhibit biocidal activity against bacteria, cancerous cells, and many others [27,28].…”

Plasmon-Accelerated Electrocatalysis Based on Gold Nanostructures for Electrochemical Reactions and Biosensing Applications: A Review

“…Biosensors function by interacting with a target molecule (analyte) to determine its concentration. This measurable data plays a crucial role in medical diagnostics, physiological monitoring, and disease prevention . Electrochemical probes act as sensors, measuring the electrical signals produced when a sample interacts with an electrode.…”

“…These signals, including current, voltage, and impedance, offer valuable insights into the sample’s electrochemical properties, ongoing chemical reactions, and the characteristics of the electrode interface. Thus, electrochemical biosensors have emerged as powerful tools for detecting a wide range of biomolecules and important molecules in various fields, including medicine, environmental monitoring, and food safety. , These sensors combine the high sensitivity of biological recognition elements with the efficient signal transduction capabilities of electrochemical techniques. At the heart of these biosensors lie nanostructured materials, which play a crucial role in enhancing their performance.…”