A review of molecular imaging studies reaching the clinical stage

Wong, Franklin; Kim, E. Edmund

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.01.049

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The use of targeted contrast agents for ultrasound imaging also has potential for future use in MI (17,18), although the use of contrast agents for ultrasound imaging has progressed much more slowly than anticipated 10 years ago. A review of MI substances that have reached clinical trials or clinical use has recently been published (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular imaging: challenges of bringing imaging of intracellular targets into common clinical use

Skotland

2012

Contrast Media & Molecular

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Molecular imaging (MI) takes advantage of several new techniques to detect biomarkers or biochemical and cellular processes, with the goal of obtaining high sensitivity, specificity and signal-to-noise ratio imaging of disease. The imaging modalities bearing the most promise for MI are positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and different optical imaging techniques with high sensitivity. Also magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast agents like ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO), magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrasound imaging with contrast agents may be useful approaches. MI techniques have been used in the clinic for many years, i.e. PET imaging using (18) F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose. Animal studies have during the last years revealed great potential for MI also with several other agents. The focus of the present article is the challenges of clinical imaging of intracellular targets following intravenous injection of the agents. Thus, the great challenge of getting enough contrast agent into the cytosol and at the same time obtaining a low signal from tissue just outside the diseased area is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular imaging: challenges of bringing imaging of intracellular targets into common clinical use

Skotland

2012

Contrast Media & Molecular

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“…The ability to visualizing certain biological events associated with a specific disease in real time not only provides a more meaningful understanding of the molecular basis of disease but also leads to earlier detection, accurate evaluation of the state or degree of disease, and the opportunity to evaluate therapeutic effects (Figure 1) [5, 6]. Molecular imaging allows direct biological measurement(s) in vivo of specific molecular states, gene function, metabolic processes and protein-protein interactions in a repetitive, non-invasive matter, helping clinicians to select the appropriate treatment according to patient’s molecular phenotypes [7, 8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Imaging Probe Development Using Microfluidics

Liu

Wang²,

Lin³

et al. 2011

COS

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In this manuscript, we review the latest advancement of microfluidics in molecular imaging probe development. Due to increasing needs for medical imaging, high demand for many types of molecular imaging probes will have to be met by exploiting novel chemistry/radiochemistry and engineering technologies to improve the production and development of suitable probes. The microfluidic-based probe synthesis is currently attracting a great deal of interest because of their potential to deliver many advantages over conventional systems. Numerous chemical reactions have been successfully performed in micro-reactors and the results convincingly demonstrate with great benefits to aid synthetic procedures, such as purer products, higher yields, shorter reaction times compared to the corresponding batch/macroscale reactions, and more benign reaction conditions. Several ‘proof-of-principle’ examples of molecular imaging probe syntheses using microfluidics, along with basics of device architecture and operation, and their potential limitations are discussed here.

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“…For the clinical imaging, the major differences PET and SPECT in QbD are related to the properties and applications of a radiotracer. The most commonly used nuclides for PET imaging, such as carbon-11, oxygen-15, nitrogen-13, and fluorine-18, exhibit shorter half-life and more complicated labelling technology than that for SPECT imaging (Table 1) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. For example, the short half-lives of radionuclides used in PET modality allow for better de-tection sensitivity over a given period of time.…”

Section: Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality by Design and Risk Assessment for Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing and Clinical Imaging

Liu¹,

Jian-hua²,

Men³

et al. 2012

Latest Research Into Quality Control

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IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO) and European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). The attributes of the components in the quality system (QA/QC), including organization, staffing and personnel, facilities, instrumentation and equipment, operation procedure, radiopharmaceuticals, protocol and conduct of a study or a treatment, records and reports, and audit framework were further characterized. Assessments and comparisons of critical quality attributes (CQAs) for assuring accurate radioactive dosimetry calculation in the efficiency tracing of absolute activity measurement and patient-and technologistrelated risks for nuclear medicine imaging including Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Computed Tomography (CT), PET/CT, and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) were identified. Quality system design based on the Requirements and Guidelines Quality policy and systemThe quality system by design for radiopharmaceuticals and clinical imaging techniques is aimed to maintain and improve the qualified service for the patients, fulfill the regulatory requirements, optimize the safety and efficacy for patient care, demonstrate a proper equipment operating condition, and obtain a reliable quantitative performance in both diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures [4,5]. The pursuit of excellence in quality system is not a single action over a short period, instead, it is achieved through the whole life cycle of instruments, analytical methods or education for example, from planning and procurement to decommissioning based on advanced technology [6]. Continuous quality improvement implies a commitment to continuously struggle to advance based on state-ofthe-art information and techniques developed by the nuclear medicine and metrology community at large [5].Implementation of a quality system must be in accordance with the quality police, i.e. the overall quality intentions and direction of an organization, as formally expressed by top management. And quality system includes the structure, responsibilities, and procedures for implementing quality management. An integrated infrastructure of quality policy and system design is demonstrated as in Figure 1, which is mainly developed from the European Standard EN 28402 proposed by Bergmann et al. [7]. The attributes of the components in the quality sub-system (QA/QC), e.g. organization, personnel, facilities, instrumentation, operation procedures, preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, protocol and conduct, records and reports, and audit or inspection, were further integrated and classified in this article.

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A review of molecular imaging studies reaching the clinical stage

Cited by 31 publications

References 52 publications

Molecular imaging: challenges of bringing imaging of intracellular targets into common clinical use

Molecular imaging: challenges of bringing imaging of intracellular targets into common clinical use

Molecular Imaging Probe Development Using Microfluidics

Quality by Design and Risk Assessment for Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing and Clinical Imaging

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