A Review of Modular Multilevel Converters for Stationary Applications

Wang, Yang; Geury, Thomas; Öztürk, Salih Barış; Kıvanç, Ömer Cihan; Hegazy, Omar

doi:10.3390/app10217719

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 137 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Focusing on just one aspect is most probable, not the best solution as only a collective optimization can only achieve the globally optimal solution. Multi-modular converters are an example of combined optimization [115][116][117]. The voltage level inside the valve is a fragment of the total dc-link voltage, and, in principle, it can be interrupted at these levels.…”

Section: Combined Optimization Of Hvdc Breaker's Topology and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

HVdc Circuit Breakers: Prospects and Challenges

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The integration of offshore wind farms has revitalized the interest in multi–terminal high voltage direct current (M–HVdc) transmission grids. HVdc breakers’ importance has increased as M–HVdc grids are now a commercial truth. Several HVdc circuit breaker technologies have been developed, published, and appeared as prototypes for HVdc networks. This paper summarizes the HVdc breaker technologies from the last two decades, distributed mainly in literature. A comparison of various state–of–the–art HVdc breakers is presented. Further, areas are identified where further research and development are required. The goal is to provide primary challenges and prospects in the HVdc breaker field.

show abstract

Section: Combined Optimization Of Hvdc Breaker's Topology and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

HVdc Circuit Breakers: Prospects and Challenges

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are several variations of the direct power control (DPC) technique have been reported such as virtual flux DPC (VF-DPC) [10]- [14], predictive control DPC (P-DPC) [15], [16] and space vector modulation DPC (SVM-DPC) [19]- [21], implemented in a conventional 2L three-phase PWM AC-DC converter. However, the multilevel AC-DC converters appear to be a very good solution for medium and high power applications such as in wind energy, static compensator (STATCOM), back-to-back ac drives and high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications where adjustable DC-link output voltage, almost sinusoidal input line currents with low THD and adjustable power factor operation are required [22]. The use of such multilevel topology allows power level to be increased by adding more voltage levels in such a way the voltage stress in each semiconductor device is reduced 3L-NPC AC-DC converter has several advantages over the traditional 2L converter such as the former produces better quality output voltage and current waveforms with minimal voltage stress at each power switches [23].…”

Section: Direct Power Control Of 3l-npc Pwm Rectifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

A new switching look-up table for direct power control of grid connected 3L-NPC PWM rectifier

Razali

Yusoff

Karim

et al. 2021

IJPEDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic approach in developing a new switching look-up table for direct power control (DPC) strategy applied to the three-phase grid connected three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) pulse width modulated (PWM) rectifier. The term of PWM rectifier used in this paper is also known as AC-DC converter. The approach provides detailed information regarding the effects of each multilevel converter space vector to the distribution of input active and reactive power in the converter system. Thus, the most optimal converter space vectors are able to be selected by the switching look-up table, allowing smooth control of the active and reactive powers for each sector. In addition, the proposed DPC utilizes an NPC capacitor balanced strategy to enhance the performance of front-end AC-DC converter during load and supply voltage disturbances. The steady state as well as the dynamic performances of the proposed DPC are presented and analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show that the AC-DC converter utilizing the new look-up table is able to produce almost sinusoidal line currents with lower current total harmonic distortion, unity power factor operation, adjustable DC-link output voltage and good dynamic response during load disturbance.

show abstract

“…The submodules can be half‐bridge, full‐bridge or other hybrid configuration cells 26 . Half‐bridge SMs have been used in this paper instead of other alternative SMs like full‐bridge SMs or current source SMs because of its simple structure, high efficiency and low system cost 27 . Two phase arms (top and bottom) are connected together, usually with inductors in middle to create a phase‐leg.…”

Section: And Traditional Modulation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arm currents flow through the battery cells of the active SMs and either charge or discharge the battery cells depending on their direction. The top and bottom arm currents 27 are defined as:

i_{kt} = i_{cir, k} + \frac{true}{1} i_{k}

i_{kb} = i_{cir, k} - \frac{true}{1} i_{k}

where i cir, k is the phase k circulating current and i k is the phase k current. The top and bottom arm voltages for phase k are given by

v_{kt} = \frac{N v_{ref}}{2} - v_{k} - \frac{L}{2} \frac{d i_{k}}{dt} - L \frac{d i_{cir, k}}{dt}

v_{kb} = \frac{N v_{ref}}{2} + v_{k} + \frac{L}{2} \frac{d i_{k}}{dt} - L \frac{d i_{cir, k}}{dt}

where v k is the voltage of the k th phase and L is the inductance of reactor.…”

Section: And Traditional Modulation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic distortion reduction in modular multilevel converters by novel mixed harmonic injection

Motwani

Piegari

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary This paper proposes a novel modulation scheme to reduce the harmonic content of voltages and currents caused by modular multilevel converters with embedded battery cell when employed for application in battery energy storage systems in the grid. The reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD) is obtained by injecting selected harmonics in modulating wave for phase disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation. The main innovation is in the frequency of these injected harmonics, most of which are kept considerably higher than the carrier frequency. The injection has further been improved using closed‐loop control for optimum reduction in the harmonic content of output. The simulations are performed and tested on MATLAB‐SIMULINK and demonstrate a satisfactory reduction in both voltage and current THD without any counter effect.

show abstract

A Review of Modular Multilevel Converters for Stationary Applications

Cited by 43 publications

References 137 publications

HVdc Circuit Breakers: Prospects and Challenges

HVdc Circuit Breakers: Prospects and Challenges

A new switching look-up table for direct power control of grid connected 3L-NPC PWM rectifier

Harmonic distortion reduction in modular multilevel converters by novel mixed harmonic injection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About