A review of mobile phone usage in enclosed areas and RF safety guideline

Abstract

The use of mobile phones in metallic enclosed environments such as elevators, train cars and even airplanes has attract a lot of attention in recent years. In these environments, most of the radio frequency (RF) energy from mobile phones remains inside due to the lack of escape routes, resulting in possibility of the field levels exceeding limits described in the international RF safety guidelines. This has resulted in an anxiety on possible health effects of passengers in these environments. In this review paper, size of the passengers (child vs. adult human model), method of investigation (theory vs. numerical), passenger position, elevator structure etc., are briefly discussed to determine how they affect the RF exposure. We also discuss few experimental investigation related to this problem for the passenger using a mobile phone near a metallic wall. Our objective is to provide an understanding of the SAR characteristics of the mobile phone user in such environment and how these characteristics are affected by the aforementioned factors.

Comparative Analysis of Impact of Radiation from Mobile Phone on Human Brain Activity:GSM 2G vs GSM 3G

“…The action potential actually goes past -68mV because the potassium channels stay open a long. progressively, the ion concentrations go back to resting levels and the cell returns to -68 mV [4]. …”

“…So, most of the effects studied are mainly due to non-ionizing radiations. Radio frequency used to communicate by mobile Phone has the ability to penetrate through semi-solid substances like living tissue to a distance proportional to its power density [4]. It can cause thermal effect [18][19].…”

“…The second generation (2G) is made up of the first digital mobile systems, mainly GSM (the technology found in more than 85% of the terminals used globally, with networks in practically all countries). [4] The digital signals consume less battery power, so they helps in saving the battery of mobile phones. Even though 2G phones are less expensive, they don't offer fast web browsing and file transfers as 3G phone can.…”

“…It is important to note that there is no "central lobe", but it is just used for only identification purposes. Even numbers (2,4,6,8) refers the right hemisphere and odd numbers (1,3,5,7) refers the left hemisphere [8]. The z refers an electrode which is placed on the median.…”

RF exposure analysis for multiple Wi-Fi devices in enclosed environment

“…Wi-Fi devices operated inside a metallic enclosure have been investigation in the recent years [2][3][4]. A motivation for this study is to study wave propagation inside an enclosed environment such as elevator, car, aircraft, and spacecraft.…”