A review of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures

Abstract

In today's society the desire to maintain a youthful appearance has driven the development of minimally invasive dermatological procedures that are designed to rejuvenate the ageing face. The aim of this review is to present evidence for the use of techniques which can easily be incorporated into outpatient dermatology practice with low overhead expenditure. For this reason, laser and light-based treatments have been omitted. This review will instead focus on chemical peels, intradermal fillers and botulinum toxin. These techniques address the main aspects of facial ageing, namely photodamage, volume loss and dynamic lines, which correlate anatomically to skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle. A combination of such techniques will provide the practitioner with a reasonable portfolio of treatments for a balanced, holistic result.

Estudio clínico de eficacia, duración y efectos adversos del implante de ácido hialurónico en área buco-maxilo-facial

“…As for the RELEVANCE of HA and not other products, we can say that, because it is a component of the extracellular matrix of all vertebrates, it is biocompatible, resorbable and does not pose a risk to the health of individuals, as demonstrated by different researchers (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(23)(24)(25)31) .…”

“…Although the literature suggests numerous materials (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) for increasing the volume of soft tissues, HA (1-6,10-17,20-52) , silicone (1,5,(53)(54) , polylactic acid (5,12,(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61) , autologous fat (1,5,12,(62)(63)(64) , collagen (1,5,12,(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70) , Ca hydroxyapatite (1,5,12,(71)(72)(73)…”

“…Nowadays, HA is obtained by biotechnology (3)(4)(5)(9)(10)(11)(12)(15)(16)(17)84) . It is a "NASHA" product (non-animal hyaluronic acid).…”

“…With aging, fibroblasts' ability to produce HA decreases and, moreover, the HA produced has a lower MW, which makes the moisturizing effect weaker. The increase of free radicals in the interstitial space also accelerates the destruction of HA molecules (8,(14)(15)(16)(17) .…”

“…It is produced by HA synthases present in the plasma membrane of fibroblasts and released into the extracellular space. It is a linear, uniform, highly acidic molecule with numerous negative charges; it is highly hydrophilic and watersoluble, characteristics that allow it to attract large amounts of water and sodium which, as a consequence, increases skin hydration and elasticity (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) . The molecules form random coils and intertwine to form a network or mesh in the extracellular matrix.…”