A Review of Microsatellite Markers and  their Application on Genetic Diversity Studies in Parrots

Presti, Flávia T.; Wasko, Adriane Pinto

doi:10.4236/ojgen.2014.42010

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The common fig was one of the earliest horticultural crops to be domesticated (Mijit et al, 2017). Over the last few decades, it was discovered that many organisms have become extinct in wild environments (Presti and Wasko, 2014). This fact reproduces an accelerated loss of species that exceeds the natural rate of extinction (Primack and Rodrigues, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphological, Pomological, and Specific Molecular Marker Resources for Genetic Diversity Analyses in Fig (Ficus carica L.)

Abdelsalam¹,

Awad²,

Ali³

et al. 2019

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Fig (Ficus carica L.) considers the original cultivated fruit trees and currently has become extinct. Such genetic resources should be identified, documented, and conserved. Morphology, pomology, and molecular markers are successful tools in assessing genetic diversity and classifying fig accessions. Twenty-one cultivated fig (F. carica L.) accessions were collected from Egypt and Libya. In Egypt, fig accessions are dispersed from Sinai in the east to El-Saloom in the west and from Alexandria in the north to Aswan in the south, whereas Libyan accessions were collected from Tubryq, Bengazi, and AlKufrah. Seventeen morphological, pomological, and fruit traits were used to characterize the fig accessions. Moreover, frozen young leaves were used to extract genomic DNA; 13 expressed sequence tag (EST) common fig primer pairs with 12 intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR)-anchored primers were used to detect the genetic diversity. Analysis of variance for fig accessions showed highly significant differences concerning morphological traits, i.e., the leaf length (centimeters) and width (centimeters) ranged from 5.4 and 6 cm to 23 and 23.5 cm, for Komesrey-El-Hammam, Abodey-Giza, and Black_Mission accessions, respectively. Also, fig accessions showed different shapes of leaf edge and fruits; they were categorized into four groups: straight, waved, zigzag, and serrated. The number of leaf lobes data ranged from one lobe for the ‘Green-yellow’, ‘Sultani Red Siwa’, and ‘Sultany Red Amria’ accessions to 10 lobes in the Aswany accession. The two-way hierarchical morphological cluster analysis distributed fig accessions into two main groups. The results detected high genetic diversity for the fig accessions that could be useful in the future breeding programs. Concerning molecular data, the EST markers showed highly polymorphism and informative (r = 0.61; 90.0%), with a total number of identified alleles of 78. We proved that a relatively greater number of alleles per locus characterizes the targeted loci among fig accessions, for which only one and two alleles per locus have been revealed, respectively, although ISSR showed a clear pattern and bands of the primers UBC807, UBC811, UBC812, UBC814, UBC815, UBC817, UBC818, and UBC823. In conclusion, a great range of variability was detected within the fig accessions. This diversification could enrich the genetic base of this genus, and more experiments are needed to reach its full potential.

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Morphological, Pomological, and Specific Molecular Marker Resources for Genetic Diversity Analyses in Fig (Ficus carica L.)

Abdelsalam¹,

Awad²,

Ali³

et al. 2019

horts

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“…However, little is known about many of their biological aspects, such as population genetic structure, genome evolution, and phylogenetic relationships [Wright et al, 2001;Presti and Wasko, 2014]. Considering the scarce information about their genome organization, it is known that Neotropical Psittacidae have a very homogeneous diploid number, with 2n = 70 in most species, with only few exceptions, such as Graydidascalus brachyurus (2n = 64) [Caparroz and Duarte, 2004].…”

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Chromosomal Mapping of Repetitive DNAs in Myiopsitta monachus and Amazona aestiva (Psittaciformes, Psittacidae) with Emphasis on the Sex Chromosomes

Furo¹,

Kretschmer

Santos³

et al. 2017

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Here, for the first time, we describe the karyotype of Myiopsitta monachus (Psittacidae, Arini). We found 2n = 48, corresponding to the lowest diploid number observed in Neotropical Psittaciformes so far, with an uncommonly large W chromosome homomorphic to the Z. In order to better understand the evolution of the sex chromosomes in this species, we applied several molecular cytogenetic approaches, including C-banding, FISH mapping of repetitive DNAs (several microsatellite repeats), and whole-chromosome painting on metaphases of M. monachus. For comparison, another species belonging to the same tribe but with a smaller W chromosome (A. aestiva) was also analyzed. The results show that the constitutive heterochromatin has a very diverse distribution pattern in these species revealing heterochromatic blocks in the centromeric region of all chromosomes and in most of the length of the W chromosome in A. aestiva, while in M. monachus they were found in interstitial and telomeric regions. Concerning the microsatellites, only the sequence (CG)_n produced signals on the W chromosome of A. aestiva, in the distal region of both arms. However, in M. monachus, (CAA)_n, (CAG)_n, and (CG)_n probes were accumulated on the W chromosome, and, in addition, the sequence (CAG)_n also hybridized to heterochromatic regions in macrochromosomes, as well as in microchromosomes. Based on these results, we suggest that the increase in length of the W chromosome in M. monachus is due to the amplification of repetitive elements, which highlights their significant role in the evolutionary process of sex chromosome differentiation.

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“…Large rivers, like the Congo and its tributaries can act as barriers to dispersal for various species of birds, monkeys, apes, and rodents [ 3 – 5 ]. Here, we develop species-specific microsatellite markers for C. nivosa which can be used to better understand the genetic diversity and population structure of this species [ 6 ].…”

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Isolation and development of microsatellite loci in an African Woodpecker (Campethera nivosa) using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe Buff-spotted Woodpecker (Campethera nivosa) is a resident bird species that is distributed in lowland rainforest habitats from western to eastern Africa. We developed species-specific microsatellite markers to examine the population genetics of this species.FindingsTwenty-one microsatellite loci were isolated from C. nivosa. Of these, 15 were found to amplify consistently. These loci were then tested for variability in 15 individuals from different lowland forest localities. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 13 per locus, with observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.100 to 0.917 and 0.485 to 0.901, respectively. Four loci exhibited significant heterozygote deficiency while one had an excess of heterozygotes. None of the loci exhibited linkage disequilibrium.ConclusionThese polymorphic microsatellite markers will be used to study genetic variability in populations of C. nivosa across either sides of the Congo River to evaluate the effect of the river as a barrier to gene flow.

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A Review of Microsatellite Markers and their Application on Genetic Diversity Studies in Parrots

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Morphological, Pomological, and Specific Molecular Marker Resources for Genetic Diversity Analyses in Fig (Ficus carica L.)

Morphological, Pomological, and Specific Molecular Marker Resources for Genetic Diversity Analyses in Fig (Ficus carica L.)

Chromosomal Mapping of Repetitive DNAs in <b><i>Myiopsitta monachus</i></b> and <b><i>Amazona aestiva</i></b> (Psittaciformes, Psittacidae) with Emphasis on the Sex Chromosomes

Isolation and development of microsatellite loci in an African Woodpecker (Campethera nivosa) using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing

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