A review of microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis for monitoring biological events

Abstract

Microdialysis is a powerful sampling technique that enables monitoring of dynamic processes in vitro and in vivo. The combination of microdialysis with chromatographic or electrophoretic methods yields along with selective detection methods yields a “separation-based sensor” capable of monitoring multiple analytes in near real time. Analysis of microdialysis samples requires techniques that are fast (<1 min), have low volume requirements (nL–pL), and, ideally, can be employed on-line. Microchip electrophoresis fulfills these requirements and also permits the possibility of integrating sample preparation and manipulation with detection strategies directly on-chip. Microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis has been employed for monitoring biological events in vivo and in vitro. This review discusses technical considerations for coupling microdialysis sampling and microchip electrophoresis, including various interface designs, and current applications in the field.

Electrophoretic stacking for sensitive determination of antibiotic ceftazidime in human blood and microdialysates from diabetic foot

“…The connection of electrophoretic analysis with microdialysation sampling constitutes a modern instrument in clinical practice [1,2]. Microdialysis provides a mini-invasive means of sampling almost all kinds of tissues and organs with high spatial and temporal resolution [3][4][5].…”

Selective extraction and analysis of catecholamines in rat blood microdialysate by polymeric ionic liquid-diphenylboric acid-packed capillary column and fast separation in high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector

“…The semipermeable membrane only permits the small molecules to diffuse into the perfusate which can remove the interferences from proteins and cells in blood [22]. And the rapid sampling technique avoids the loss of neurotransmitters.…”

Microchip-based electrochemical detection using a 3-D printed wall-jet electrode device

“…4 Many groups have worked in this area of research. 8, 9 One advance in this area was described by Henry and Garcia, who developed a device that combines microchip electrophoresis with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) for the separation of underivatized carbohydrates, amino acids and sulfur containing antibiotics. 10 Another example comes from the Lunte group, who developed a method for separating and directly detecting peroxynitrite, which has a very short half-life, by utilizing a microchip electrophoresis device and amperometric detection.…”