A review of methods for evaluating the quantitative parameters of sagittal pelvic alignment

Comparison of radiographic sagittal spinopelvic alignment between skeletally immature and skeletally mature individuals with Scheuermann’s disease

“…In the current study, we present a comparison of the sagittal spinopelvic alignment between 2 groups of SD individuals, namely those that are skeletally immature (Risser's sign of 0, 1, 2, or 3) to those who are skeletally mature (Risser's sign of 5). Since PI has been reported to increase during childhood and adolescence and to remain constant when skeletal maturity is reached [6,9,10], we find it important to consider the skeletal maturity in such analyses. All of the patients with Risser's sign of 4 were excluded from the current study, because of data inconsistency: although Risser's sign of 4 has been thought as an indicator of vertebral growth cessation, there are reports emphasizing that at this stage of maturation some residual growth activity remains, and thus a potential for changes in pelvic morphology exists [30][31][32].…”

“…Several quantitative parameters, both positional and anatomic, concerning the sagittal balance have been distinguished [6]. Pelvic incidence (PI) first introduced by Duval-Beaupère et al is the most widely used anatomic parameter in assessing spinopelvic alignment [7].…”

“…Pelvic incidence is hypothesized to be the fundamental pelvic parameter for three-dimensional regulation of spinal sagittal curves [8]. It is accepted that PI becomes fixed with skeletal maturation and remains constant in adulthood, unless there is a pathological process that can modify the shape of the pelvis [6,9,10]. Deviations in pelvic morphology and subsequently higher values of PI were found to be associated with spondylolisthesis and idiopathic scoliosis [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Influence of implant rod curvature on sagittal correction of scoliosis deformity

“…Neglecting to correct these curves could produce pain, intervertebral disc degeneration, boneimplant fracture, flat back and joint degeneration [14,15]. Many studies have investigated how to evaluate the sagittal correction.…”

Answer to the second letter to the Editor of J. Padulo et al. concerning: “vertebral rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis calculated by radiograph and back surface analysis-based methods: correlation between the Raimondi method and rasterstereography” by Mangone M, Raimondi P, Paoloni M, Pellanera S, Di MA, Di RS, Vanadia M, Dimaggio M, Murgia M, Santilli V (2013) Eur Spine J 22:367–371

“…Recently, Vrtovec et al [5] in a systematic review observed that does not exist a standardized method to quantify the axial vertebral rotation. Indeed, they identified the torsionmeter proposed by Perdriolle and Vidalas the most accurate and simple for use in coronal radiographs; the Ho et al method (proved to be the most reliable and clinically useful) for 3D image is applied with successful in CT and MR spine images.…”