A Review of Mass Movement Processes and Risk in the Critical Zone of Earth

Regmi, Netra R.; Giardino, John R.; McDonald, Eric V.; Vitek, John D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63369-9.00011-2

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…When intense rainfall soaks the soil on steep mountain hillsides, water and particulates can mix to form a dense, viscous suspension called a debris flow ( 1 ). Debris flows may form catastrophically, such as landslides that collapse into valley-bottom channels and mix with river water ( 2 ), or gradually, as overland flow on steep hillsides progressively entrains soil ( 3 , 4 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology of debris flow materials is controlled by the distance from jamming

Kostynick

Matinpour

Pradeep

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Debris flows are dense and fast-moving complex suspensions of soil and water that threaten lives and infrastructure. Assessing the hazard potential of debris flows requires predicting yield and flow behavior. Reported measurements of rheology for debris flow slurries are highly variable and sometimes contradictory due to heterogeneity in particle composition and volume fraction ( ϕ ) and also inconsistent measurement methods. Here we examine the composition and flow behavior of source materials that formed the postwildfire debris flows in Montecito, CA, in 2018, for a wide range of ϕ that encapsulates debris flow formation by overland flow. We find that shear viscosity and yield stress are controlled by the distance from jamming, Δ ϕ = ϕ m − ϕ , where the jamming fraction ϕ m is a material parameter that depends on grain size polydispersity and friction. By rescaling shear and viscous stresses to account for these effects, the data collapse onto a simple nondimensional flow curve indicative of a Bingham plastic (viscoplastic) fluid. Given the highly nonlinear dependence of rheology on Δ ϕ , our findings suggest that determining the jamming fraction for natural materials will significantly improve flow models for geophysical suspensions such as hyperconcentrated flows and debris flows.

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confidence: 99%

Rheology of debris flow materials is controlled by the distance from jamming

Kostynick

Matinpour

Pradeep

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Schorfheide cluster; Figure 5). Sandy or diamictic substrates should react differently to surface expansion owing to their different cohesion strengths (Regmi et al, 2015). However, both substrates might react similarly if they are frozen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface cracks—geomorphological indicators for late Quaternary halotectonic movements in Northern Germany

Hardt

Norden

Bauer

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Loading and unloading effects of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet triggered halotectonic movements in Northern Germany. We present newly detected geomorphological features-termed surface cracks-which indicate a relation between ice sheetinduced salt movement and surface processes. As a part of the Central European Basin System, numerous Zechstein salt structures are abundant in the North German Basin. On the basis of high-resolution digital terrain data, more than 160 surface cracks were mapped in Northern Germany, which were grouped into 30 clusters. Almost all of the surface cracks occur above the top regions of Zechstein salt structures. The surface cracks can be several kilometres long, up to more than 20 m deep and more than 100 m wide. The comparison of the shape of the salt structures and the orientation of the cracks reveals a geometric dependency, indicating that the cracks preferably occur near the crest margins of the salt structures. Furthermore, 3D seismic data from two sites show that subsurface faults originating from salt movement exist beneath the surface cracks. We interpret the cracks as surface ruptures due to ice sheet-induced halotectonic movements. The cracks occur in a variety of Quaternary sediments and landforms. This indicates that widespread halokinetic movements occurred in the region after the last (Weichselian) deglaciation and likely before the thawing of the permafrost, possibly in a time frame from c. 30-20 ka until c. 15 ka.

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“…Mass movements (e.g., landslide and debris flow) and extreme fluvial processes (e.g., flash floods and glacier-lake-outburst flood) are of significant concerns in populated areas, as they can cause huge loss of life and damage to civil infrastructure each year (Holub & Hübl, 2008;Merz et al, 2021;Regmi et al, 2015). Classification criteria for mass movements may vary depending on the focus of interest (Coussot & Meunier, 1996;Nemčok et al, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benford's law as mass movement detector in seismic signals

Zhou

Tang

Turowski

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Seismic instruments placed outside of spatially extensive hazard zones can be used to rapidly sense a range of mass movements. However, it remains challenging to automatically detect specific events of interest. Benford’s law, which states that first non-zero-digit of given datasets follow a specific probability distribution, can provide a computationally cheap approach to identifying anomalies in large datasets and potentially be used for event detection. Here, we select raw seismic signals to derive the first-digit distribution. The seismic signals generated by debris flows, landslides, lahars, and glacier-lake-outburst floods follow Benford’s law, while those generated by ambient noise, rockfalls, and bedload transports do not. Focusing on debris flows, our Benford’s-law-based detector is comparable to an existing random forest method for the Illgraben, Switzerland, but requires only single station data and three non-dimensional parameters. We suggest this computationally cheap, novel technique offers an alternative for event recognition and potentially for real-time warnings.

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A Review of Mass Movement Processes and Risk in the Critical Zone of Earth

Cited by 23 publications

References 137 publications

Rheology of debris flow materials is controlled by the distance from jamming

Rheology of debris flow materials is controlled by the distance from jamming

Surface cracks—geomorphological indicators for late Quaternary halotectonic movements in Northern Germany

Benford's law as mass movement detector in seismic signals

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