A review of lumped-element models of voiced speech

Erath, Byron D.; Zañartu, Matías; Stewart, Kelley C.; Plesniak, Michael W.; Sommer, David E.; Peterson, Sean D.

doi:10.1016/j.specom.2013.02.002

Cited by 60 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 175 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…10,11 B. Numerical modeling Even though self-sustained models of the vocal folds are designed to provide insights into the mechanisms that control phonation in normal and pathological cases, 14 limited efforts have been made to include the effects of incomplete glottal closure in these representations. It is noted that the aforementioned work of Cranen et al 8,9,11 imposed a glottal area waveform that was obtained from a parametric model 8,9 or a twomass model, 11 but did not use three way interactions between airflow, tissue, and sound, as is commonly employed in selfsustained models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effects of a posterior glottal opening on vocal fold dynamics with implications for vocal hyperfunction

Zañartu

Galindo

Erath

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the frequent observation of a persistent opening in the posterior cartilaginous glottis in normal and pathological phonation, its influence on the self-sustained oscillations of the vocal folds is not well understood. The effects of a posterior gap on the vocal fold tissue dynamics and resulting acoustics were numerically investigated using a specially designed flow solver and a reduced-order model of human phonation. The inclusion of posterior gap areas of 0.03-0.1 cm 2 reduced the energy transfer from the fluid to the vocal folds by more than 42%-80% and the radiated sound pressure level by 6-14 dB, respectively. The model was used to simulate vocal hyperfucntion, i.e., patterns of vocal misuse/abuse associated with many of the most common voice disorders. In this first approximation, vocal hyperfunction was modeled by introducing a compensatory increase in lung air pressure to regain the vocal loudness level that was produced prior to introducing a large glottal gap. This resulted in a significant increase in maximum flow declination rate and amplitude of unsteady flow, thereby mimicking clinical studies. The amplitude of unsteady flow was found to be linearly correlated with collision forces, thus being an indicative measure of vocal hyperfunction.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effects of a posterior glottal opening on vocal fold dynamics with implications for vocal hyperfunction

Zañartu

Galindo

Erath

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Continuum models currently allow only limited systematic parameters exploration because they are computationally expensive (21). In contrast, phenomenological reduced order 165 (RO) models -that simplify VFs to one or two masses (35,36)-allow broad exploration of a simplified control space with less computational power and as such have been used widely to capture the dynamics of mammalian (37) and avian voiced sound production (13,(38)(39)(40).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fidelity continuum modeling predicts avian voiced sound production

Jiang

Rasmussen

Xue

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

20Voiced sound production is the primary form of acoustic communication in terrestrial vertebrates, particularly birds and mammals, and including humans. Developing a causal physics-based model that links descending vocal motor control to tissue vibration and sound, requires embodied approaches that include realistic representations of voice physiology. Here we first implement and then experimentally test a high-fidelity three-dimensional continuum model 25 for voiced sound production in birds. Driven by individual-based physiologically quantifiable inputs, combined with non-invasive inverse methods for tissue material parameterization, our model accurately predicts observed key vibratory and acoustic performance traits. These results demonstrate that realistic models lead to accurate predictions supporting the continuum model approach as a critical tool towards a causal model of motor control of voiced sound production. 30

show abstract

“…The vocal fold model is controlled by six parameters, which specify subglottal pressure, fundamental frequency, and rest shape of the glottis. It belongs to the class of self-oscillating bar-mass models (for reviews see Birkholz, 2011;Erath et al, 2013) and is based on previous models like that of Ishizaka and Flanagan (1972) and Story and Titze (1995). The advantage of the model used here is that it can naturally simulate the continuum from pressed to breathy phonation by varying the degree of glottal abduction.…”

Section: A Articulatory Speech Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of phonation type to the perception of vocal emotions in German: An articulatory synthesis study

Birkholz

Martín

Willmes

et al. 2015

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vocal emotions are signaled by specific patterns of prosodic parameters, most notably pitch, phone duration, intensity, and phonation type. Phonation type was so far the least accessible parameter in emotion research, because it was difficult to extract from speech signals and difficult to manipulate in natural or synthetic speech. The present study built on recent advances in articulatory speech synthesis to exclusively control phonation type in re-synthesized German sentences spoken with seven different emotions. The goal was to find out to what extent the sole change of phonation type affects the perception of these emotions. Therefore, portrayed emotional utterances were re-synthesized with their original phonation type, as well as with each purely breathy, modal, and pressed phonation, and then rated by listeners with respect to the perceived emotions. Highly significant effects of phonation type on the recognition rates of the original emotions were found, except for disgust. While fear, anger, and the neutral emotion require specific phonation types for correct perception, sadness, happiness, boredom, and disgust primarily rely on other prosodic parameters. These results can help to improve the expression of emotions in synthesized speech and facilitate the robust automatic recognition of vocal emotions.

show abstract

A review of lumped-element models of voiced speech

Cited by 60 publications

References 175 publications

Modeling the effects of a posterior glottal opening on vocal fold dynamics with implications for vocal hyperfunction

Modeling the effects of a posterior glottal opening on vocal fold dynamics with implications for vocal hyperfunction

High-fidelity continuum modeling predicts avian voiced sound production

The contribution of phonation type to the perception of vocal emotions in German: An articulatory synthesis study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About