A Review of Longitudinal Electroconvulsive Therapy

Abbott, Christopher; Gallegos, Patrick J.; Rediske, Nathan; Lemke, Nicholas T.; Quinn, Davin K.

doi:10.1177/0891988713516542

Cited by 59 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Concurrently with the compromised long-range connectivity, BTBR mice exhibit aberrant intrahemispheric connectivity as identified by diffusion tensor imaging [20], which is another widely acknowledged attribute of the autistic brain [47]. With this regard, ECT was shown to reduce local connectivity in prefrontal cortex [29], an effect which, if experimentally confirmed, could explain, at least in part, its therapeutic effect in BTBR mice. At the same time, it is highly plausible that mechanisms of beneficial effects of ECT in autism (much like in the discussed psychiatric disorders) cannot be deduced to a single pathway or a molecule but rather involve a variety of targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…ECT represents an effective treatment of pharmacoresistant cases of depression [29][30][31], bipolar disorder [32], and schizophrenia [33,34]. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of ECT remain largely elusive, with 2 major hypotheses dominating: the anticonvulsant, whereby the effects are attributed to the increase of seizure threshold and decrease of seizure duration observed during the course of ECT [35], and the neurotrophic, which brings in the induction of several neurotrophic factors (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor), transcription factors (e.g., cfos), and neurogenesis as explanations [36,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Autism-Like Behavior in BTBR Mice Is Improved by Electroconvulsive Therapy

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social and communication abilities, as well as by restricted and repetitive behaviors. Incidence of autism is higher than earlier estimates, and treatments have limited efficacy and are costly. Limited clinical and experimental evidence suggest that patients with autism may benefit from electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We examined the therapeutic potential of ECT in BTBR T+ tf/j mice, which represent a validated model of autism. A series of 13 electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) delivered twice a day over 7 days reversed core autism-like behavioral abnormalities-impaired sociability, social novelty, and repetitive behavior-when the animals were tested 24 h after the last ECS. The effect lasted up to 2 weeks after ECT. Neither single ECS nor a series of 6 ECS modified animals' behavior. Chronic infusion into the lateral brain ventricle of a preferential oxytocin receptor blocker (2S)-2-Amino--(methylsulfonyl)butanamide hydrochloride abolished ECTinduced improvement of sociability and mitigated improvement of social novelty but did not affect ECT-induced reversal of repetitive behavior. These proof-of-principle experiments suggest that ECT may, indeed, be useful in the treatment of autism, and that its therapeutic effects may be mediated, in part, by central oxytocin signaling.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism-Like Behavior in BTBR Mice Is Improved by Electroconvulsive Therapy

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a review article, Abbott et al (2014a) showed that ECT "anticonvulsant effects appear to be predominately frontally mediated and neurotrophic effects appear to be focused on the medial temporal lobes". The same group also detected a connectivity and volume increase in the hippocampal area (Abbott et al, 2014b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the ECT review of Abbott et al (2014a) showing excess activity in MTL and lacking activity in the frontal lobes I suggest that STM Control is overworked trying to establish stable patterns in LTM. It could be that the confusion resulting from ECT is due to the failure of this process, suggesting a neurological definition of confusion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ECT DAMAGE INDICATES STM DIVIDED INTO STM CONTROL & LTM TRACES: NEUROLOGICAL DEFINITION OF “CONFUSION”

Tarnow

Юджин

2017

Vestn. Ross. univ. družby nar., Ser. Psihol. pedagog.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently it was shown that short term memory (STM) free recall consists of two stages: the first few recalls empty working memory and a second stage, a reactivation stage, concludes the recall (Tarnow, 2015; for a review of the theoretical predictions see Murdock, 1974). Bayley et al (2000) investigated free recall in people who had undergone Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and found that both recency and primacy effects were normal. Here I investigate this further, and argue that this finding suggests a division of STM between STM Control and long term memory (LTM) traces and that STM Control is not effected by ECT.Serial position probabilities from an investigation of Bayley et al (2000) were used to compare 11 subjects with ECT treatments to a control group and to a group of Alzheimer's subjects.The free recall probabilities are found to be separable into the serial position curves and the overall probability of recall. This suggests that STM is separable into an STM Control structure (the serial position curve responsible for working memory and reactivation functions) and LTM traces (the overall probability of recall).Using the ECT review of Abbott et al (2014a) showing excess activity in MTL and lacking activity in the frontal lobes I suggest that STM Control is overworked trying to establish stable patterns in LTM. It could be that the confusion resulting from ECT is due to the failure of this process, suggesting a neurological definition of confusion.

show abstract

“…This is particularly the case for neurostimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) 21 or ECT. 1,12,66,92 For example, rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be effective in depression through long-term plasticity induction, leading to a reduction of the hyperconnectivity of the default mode network and a restoration of connectivity in a frontoparietal network. Similarly, the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) is predicted by connectomics and may be mediated by white matter.…”

Section: Toward Individually Targeted Psychosurgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroplasticity and the brain connectome: what can Jean Talairach’s reflections bring to modern psychosurgery?

Bourdillon

Apra

Lévêque

et al. 2017

Neurosurgical Focus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contrary to common psychosurgical practice in the 1950s, Dr. Jean Talairach had the intuition, based on clinical experience, that the brain connectome and neuroplasticity had a role to play in psychosurgery. Due to the remarkable progress of pharmacology at that time and to the technical limits of neurosurgery, these concepts were not put into practice. Currently, these concepts are being confirmed by modern techniques such as neuroimaging and computational neurosciences, and could pave the way for therapeutic innovation in psychiatry.Psychosurgery commonly uses a localizationist approach, based on the idea that a lesion to a specific area is responsible for a deficit opposite to its function. To psychosurgeons such as Walter Freeman, who performed extensive lesions causing apparently inevitable deficit, Talairach answered with clinical data: complex psychic functions cannot be described that simply, because the same lesion does not provoke the same deficit in different patients. Moreover, cognitive impairment did not always follow efficacious psychosurgery. Talairach suggested that selectively destructing part of a network could open the door to a new organization, and that early psychotherapy could encourage this psychoplasticity. Talairach did not have the opportunity to put these concepts into practice in psychiatric diseases because of the sudden availability of neuroleptics, but connectomics and neuroplasticity gave rise to major advances in intraparenchymal neurosurgery, from epilepsy to low-grade glioma. In psychiatry, alongside long-standing theories implicating focal lesions and diffuse pathological processes, neuroimaging techniques are currently being developed. In mentally healthy individuals, combining diffusion tensor imaging with functional MRI, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography allows the determination of a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain on many spatial scales, the so-called connectome. Ultimately, global neurocomputational models could predict physiological activity, behavior, and subjective feeling, and describe neuropsychiatric disorders.Connectomic studies comparing psychiatric patients with controls have already confirmed the early intuitions of Talairach. As a striking example, massive dysconnectivity has been found in schizophrenia, leading some authors to propose a “dysconnection hypothesis.” Alterations of the connectome have also been demonstrated in obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. Furthermore, normalization of the functional dysconnectivity has been observed following clinical improvement in several therapeutic interventions, from psychotherapy to pharmacological treatments. Provided that mental disorders result from abnormal structural or functional wiring, targeted psychosurgery would require that one be able: 1) to identify the pathological network involved in a given patient; 2) to use neurostimulation to safely create a reversible and durable alteration, mimicking a lesion, in a network compatible with neuroplasticity; and 3) to predict which functional lesion would result in adapted neuronal plasticity and/or to guide neuronal plasticity to promote recovery. All these conditions, already suggested by Talairach, could now be achievable considering modern biomarkers and surgical progress.

show abstract

A Review of Longitudinal Electroconvulsive Therapy

Cited by 59 publications

References 53 publications

Autism-Like Behavior in BTBR Mice Is Improved by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Autism-Like Behavior in BTBR Mice Is Improved by Electroconvulsive Therapy

ECT DAMAGE INDICATES STM DIVIDED INTO STM CONTROL & LTM TRACES: NEUROLOGICAL DEFINITION OF “CONFUSION”

Neuroplasticity and the brain connectome: what can Jean Talairach’s reflections bring to modern psychosurgery?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About