A review of loading conditions for railway track structures due to train and track vertical interaction

Dynamic Responses of Railway Ultra-High-Strength Concrete Sleepers Under Extreme Impact Loading

“…Accordingly, it is essential to evaluate the spectrum and amplitudes of forces applied to the railway track, in order to understand more clearly the behaviors in which track components respond to those forces, and to identify the processes whereby concrete sleepers in particular carry those force actions. Recent findings show that the nature of the majority of loading conditions on track structures is of dynamic impact [2]. Those loads are normally of short duration but of very high magnitude.…”

Dynamic Amplification Factors for Railway Turnout Bearers in Switches and Crossings

“…Most of the models employed the concept of beam on elastic foundation where a sleeper is laid on the elastic support, acting like a series of springs. It is found that only vertical stiffness is sufficient to simulate the ballast support condition because the lateral stiffness seems to play an insignificant role in sleeper's bending responses [12][13][14]. In practice, the lateral force is less than 20% of vertical force and the anchorage of fastening has been designed to take care of lateral actions [12].…”

“…It is found that only vertical stiffness is sufficient to simulate the ballast support condition because the lateral stiffness seems to play an insignificant role in sleeper's bending responses [12][13][14]. In practice, the lateral force is less than 20% of vertical force and the anchorage of fastening has been designed to take care of lateral actions [12]. In fact, field measurements suggest a diverse range of sleeper flexural behaviors, which are largely dependent on the support condition induced by ballast packing and tamping [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Toughness of Railroad Concrete Crossties with Holes and Web Opening

“…Railway prestressed concrete crossties have been utilized in railway industry for over 50 years [1][2][3]. The railroad ties (called 'railway sleepers') are a main part of railway track structures.…”