A review of literature and code requirements for the crack width limitations for design of concrete structures in serviceability limit states

Abstract

This paper includes a critical review of the literature related to design of reinforced concrete structures in the serviceability limit state (SLS), and attempts to tie the results to code requirements. The main attention is given to the so‐called controllable cracks, defined as cracks due to imposed loads or deformations on hardened concrete or restrained volume changes in young hardening concrete that a structural engineer has the knowledge and tools to predict and control. It is suggested that more consistent procedures are introduced into the future SLS‐design. It is found necessary to more clearly distinguish the crack width requirements for aesthetic reasons from durability and tightness reasons, and clarify the use of the term durability in the code text. The research leading up to current leakage prediction formulas and tightness formulas is questioned based on the literature review. It is discussed that a differentiation of the crack width through a cross section will facilitate a more consistent treatment and limitation of crack widths.

Analysis of Crack Width Development in Reinforced Concrete Beams

“…Although various crack width estimation methods have been developed over the years, research needs to be continued [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 13 , 21 ]. The proposed relationships are fairly complicated and largely based on many empirical coefficients that take account of concrete composition and strength characteristics, way of curing, loading scheme, cover thickness, type and diameter of reinforcing bars.…”

Applicability of Existing Crack Controlling Criteria for Structures with Large Concrete Cover Thickness

“…Concrete cover thickness is mainly increased to satisfy the durability aspect, when a long service life is required for an RC structure. The current requirement of concrete cover thickness is as high as 120 mm (Norwegian Public Road Administration guidelines [21]); as an example, Hafrsfjord Bridge in Norway is constructed with a concrete cover thickness of 90 mm [22,23]. As mentioned, some 'crack width calculation' models have limitations for concrete cover thickness.…”

Comparative Analytical Study on Crack Width of Reinforced Concrete Structures

“…The calculation and comparison of the maximum bending crack width for different structural members, based on experimental data tension on both sides by axial force, Nam et al [14] have had been studied. A critical review of the literature related to design of reinforced concrete structures in the cracking limit state was provided by Basteskår et al [15]. Bakis et al [16] studied the width of flexural cracks in a concrete member internally reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP).…”