A review of liquefied natural gas refueling station designs

Sharafian, Amir; Talebian, Hoda; Blomerus, Paul; Herrera, Omar E.; Mérida, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.186

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The promotion of LNG requires supporting facilities, the most important is LNG filling station. However, the actual promotion effect will be restricted by many factors, such as social and economic factors [11 , 13] . Since the construction and operation of filling stations have a certain impact on the environment, if the actual promotion effect is poor and the infrastructure utilization rate is low, it may have a negative impact on the overall environmental benefits of the LNG project.…”

Section: Inventory Analysis and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the utilization rate of filling stations will bring some uncertainty to the environmental benefits of LNG. A standard small and medium-sized LNG filling station covers an area of 2000 m 2 and is equipped with an LNG storage tank of 30 m 3 [11 , 13] . The Ecoinvent database “Natural gas service station {RoW}| construction | APOS, U” is used for modeling.…”

Section: Inventory Analysis and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life cycle assessment and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the environmental impact of promoting LNG vehicles

Sun

Ertz

2020

MethodsX

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As a novel and alternative type of fuel for heavy-duty trucks, it is very important to assess a broad array of environmental impacts of liquefied natural gas (LNG). However, few studies have evaluated comprehensively the environmental impact of LNG as an alternative fuel on human health, ecosystems and resources from a life cycle perspective. In particular, the environmental benefit of promoting LNG vehicles is often complicated and uncertain due to many variable factors, which are also often not given enough attention. This method article describes the use of a combination of life cycle assessment (LCA) and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the potential environmental benefits of promoting LNG heavy-duty diesel vehicles in Saguenay, a city in Canada. It not only conducts a full-range analysis of environmental impacts, but also considers the impact of joint changes in uncertain factors such as methane emission rates, energy efficiency of engine and the project promotion prospects on the environmental benefits of LNG, making life cycle environmental impact assessment more systematic and comprehensive. The paper provides the details of all the steps used in the method and can be replicated and applied to other similar studies and research settings. This combined approach provides a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impacts incurred by the promotion of LNG vehicles. Besides, it also provides a certain degree of risk assessment for LNG projects. This method takes into account the complexity of the joint change of multiple uncertainties, which makes up for the deficiencies of previous studies that only analyze one uncertainty in isolation. This method takes the development prospect of LNG promoting project as an uncertain factor for environmental benefit assessment.

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Section: Inventory Analysis and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inventory Analysis and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the environmental impact of promoting LNG vehicles

Sun

Ertz

2020

MethodsX

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“…LNG liquefied at a large terminal produces about 10% less emissions than diesel fuel and LNG liquefied in a small plant produces around 3% less emissions than diesel fuel [8]. Apart from reducing CO 2 emissions, SO X , NO X and particle emissions are also significantly reduced [35,36]. According to Kofod and Stephenson well to wheel GHG emissions from LNG trucks are around 19% lower than the ones from diesel truck and by using bio-LNG it's possible to reduce GHG emissions up to 67% [37,38].…”

Section: Ecological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Switch to LNG in Heavy Truck Traffic

et al. 2019

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) use as a fuel in road and maritime traffic has increased rapidly, and it is slowly entering railroad traffic as well. The trend was pushed by the state administrations of mainly EU countries and international organizations seeing LNG as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to diesel. Different infrastructural projects for the widespread use of LNG in transport have been launched around the world. The main goal of this paper was to analyze use of LNG as a fuel for heavy trucks. Different aspects of LNG chain were analyzed along with economical and ecological benefits of LNG application. Filling stations network for LNG were described for the purpose of comparative analysis of diesel and LNG heavy trucks. Conclusion has shown that using LNG as propellant fuel has numerous advantages over the use of conventional fuels. The higher initial investment of the LNG road vehicles could be amortized in their lifetime use, and in the long-term they are more affordable than the classic diesel vehicles. In addition to cost-effectiveness, LNG road vehicles reduce CO2 emissions. Therefore, the environmental goals in transport, not only of the member states but worldwide, could not be met without LNG in heavy truck traffic.

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“…The number of LNG refueling stations is increasing in many countries. The number of refueling stations in the US and China rose by 3% and 32%, respectively, in the years from 2010 to 2015 [89]. Supplying LNG through LNG tankers is more economical than on-site liquefaction.…”

Section: Types Of Refueling Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Gas Engine Technologies: Challenges and Energy Sustainability Issue

2018

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Energy sustainability and environmental issues pose greater challenges on different primary energy sectors as the global energy demand increases and it is projected to further increase with an upsurge in population. On the other hand, energy sources from conventional fossil-based fuels are depleting, forcing explorations in challenging and difficult locations. As a result, the use of alternative fuels received dramatic consideration to substitute these conventional fuels, of which natural gas took the significant share. However, the share of natural-gas vehicles in the current vehicle market is quite small, and it is estimated to be below 5%. This paper reviews the current resource scenarios including proven and potential reserves, current production, and consumption, along with the fueling infrastructure, distribution, and storage. It also provides summary of the development of fuel-injection technologies aimed to enhance the performance of gas engines. More attention was also given to natural-gas engines and their limitations. Parameters affecting the performance and combustion of compressed natural gas (CNG) in spark-ignition (SI) engines are thoroughly assessed, among which compression ratio and injection timing play major roles in the optimization of CNG-fueled engines. Furthermore, different technologies that help close the performance gap between conventional liquid-fuel and natural-gas engines and future directions of the research are presented.

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A review of liquefied natural gas refueling station designs

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Life cycle assessment and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the environmental impact of promoting LNG vehicles

Life cycle assessment and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the environmental impact of promoting LNG vehicles

Fuel Switch to LNG in Heavy Truck Traffic

Natural Gas Engine Technologies: Challenges and Energy Sustainability Issue

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