A review of levels and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in different environmental media from China

Lei, Rongrong; Liu, Wenbin; Wu, Xinke; Ni, Taotao; Jia, Tiekun

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124685

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In some countries such as the United States, emission of dioxins from burning of solid fuel, forest fires and medical waste incinerators has become increasingly difficult to control [111]. The most recent concern about the formation of these pollutants is the recycling of electronic wastes in poorly controlled conditions, which ultimately favour the formation of PCDD/ Fs [40,132].…”

Section: The Major Sources Of Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of persistent organic pollutants: dioxins, furans, and their associated nitrogenated analogues

et al. 2020

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Dioxins and furans are no doubt the most notorious class of organochlorine toxicants in the environmental system whose adverse effects are detrimental to public health with extreme negative economic impacts. Polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxin and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like compounds such as the polychlorinated biphenyls, carbazoles are in the class of persistent organic pollutants-prioritized under the Stockholm convention as the "dirty dozens", besides being listed as group 1 human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Because of their recalcitrant nature in the environment, bioaccumulation in lipids of cells of animals and their general toxicities, this family of compounds has received increased scientific interest in pollution and toxicology research. Accumulation of these toxicants in lipids of animals, and human exposure has been traced to animal products such as meat, eggs, milk and fish. Combustion events, industrial and municipal waste incineration practices, open fires and some industrial activities especially those dealing with metallurgy are well-established sources of these environmental contaminants. The critical aspects of dioxins, furans and their analogues; notably their sources their mechanistic formation by precursor initiation, de novo pathways, how they manifest their toxicity by activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, detoxification of these chemicals from the environment and the analytical methods used to quantify and detect from environmental sample matrices has been explored in this work. This review also provides an in-depth examination of the toxic characteristic behaviour of dioxins and furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as the emerging nitrogenated analogues of dioxins such as polychlorinated carbazole, and carbazole itself.

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Section: The Major Sources Of Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of persistent organic pollutants: dioxins, furans, and their associated nitrogenated analogues

et al. 2020

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“…Together with polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), phthalate esters, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins are commonly found in water bodies and present substantial risks to human health and the aquatic ecosystem. These pollutants primarily stem from human activities and industrial processes, including paper pulp bleaching, smelting, and the production of speci c herbicides and pesticides, leading to widespread release into air, water, sediment, and soil (2). Agro-based nations like India, the open burning of agricultural residues plays a substantial role in the pollution of PCDDs (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the presence of dioxins in drinking water: implications for public health

Kumawat,

Pal,

Sharma

et al. 2024

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Dioxins: Infamous man-made toxins, a top environmental hazard of great concern. The presence of highly toxic dioxins, speci cally polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), in drinking water is a matter of great concern due to their long-lasting nature and harmful effects. In this study, we detected three out of the ve dioxin congeners: 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), 1, 2, 3, 7, 8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD). The investigation revealed that all three dioxins were present in samples collected during the winter season, while only TCDD and OCDD were found in samples from the summer season. The geometric mean concentrations of PCDDs were 229.9 ng/L in winter and 108.4 ng/L in summer. These concentrations exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 30 pg/L set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in surface water, WaterTreatment Plant e uent, overhead tank, and drinking water samples. This indicates a serious risk to the safety of drinking water and public health. The estimated daily intake of PCDDs for residents through drinking water was 273.97 ng-WHO2005-TEQ/kg/day during winter and 78.875 ng-WHO2005-TEQ/kg/day during summer. These values raise signi cant concerns about the potential health impacts associated with the consumption of contaminated water. The ndings our study underscore the urgent need for further research focused on persistent organic pollutants in drinking water supplies. Additionally, it is crucial to develop and implement effective large-scale remediation technologies to combat the adverse effects of dioxin contamination. Safeguarding the quality of drinking water is essential for protecting public health and ensuring the well-being of communities.

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“…Polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are important toxic organochlorine pollutants, listed earlier than SCCPs in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. − They are usually emitted unintentionally by uncontrolled waste incineration, metal smelting, and organochlorine chemical production. − As one of the largest emitters of PCDD/Fs in the world, China emitted 9267.7 g of toxic equivalent (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs in 2018, where 336 g of TEQ originated from the production and use of chemicals . PCDD/Fs have been detected in five chlorinated chemicals (phthalocyanine copper, phthalocyanine green, chloranil-1 and 2, and triclosan) at concentrations ranging from 5.03 to 1380 ng International Toxic Equivalent (I-TEQ)/kg .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Formation Mechanism of PCDD/Fs and SCCPs in Chlorinated Paraffin Products

He,

Liu,

Gao

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) can be formed during the production of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). Detection and accurate quantification of PCDD/Fs in CPs are challenging because of their matrix complexity. Therefore, the occurrence and formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from CPs have not been studied extensively in the past. In this study, 15 commercial samples including solid and liquid CPs were collected in 2022 from China. The average ΣSCCP concentrations detected in the solid and liquid CPs were 158 and 137 mg/g, respectively. The average International Toxic Equivalent (I-TEQ) values of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F in solid and liquid CPs were 15.8 pg I-TEQ/g and 15.0 pg I-TEQ/g, respectively. The solid and liquid CPs had different predominant congener groups for SCCPs and PCDD/Fs. Possible formation routes for the generation of PCDD/Fs were analyzed by screening precursors in paraffin and laboratory-scale thermochemical experiments of CPs. The transformation between 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs and non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs was recognized by calculating the successive chlorination preference. The first reported occurrence of PCDD/Fs in CP commercial products indicated that exposure to CPs and downstream products might be an assignable source of PCDD/F emission, which is of great significance to further explore the control factors of PCDD/Fs in the whole life cycle of CPs.

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A review of levels and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in different environmental media from China

Cited by 30 publications

References 93 publications

A review of persistent organic pollutants: dioxins, furans, and their associated nitrogenated analogues

A review of persistent organic pollutants: dioxins, furans, and their associated nitrogenated analogues

Investigating the presence of dioxins in drinking water: implications for public health

Occurrence and Formation Mechanism of PCDD/Fs and SCCPs in Chlorinated Paraffin Products

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