A review of lead contamination in South American birds: The need for more research and policy changes

Plaza, Pablo I.; Uhart, Marcela; Caselli, Andréa; Wiemeyer, Guillermo; Lambertucci, Sergio A.

doi:10.1016/j.pecon.2018.08.001

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These species are almost exclusively recorded in the canopy of trees and, therefore, are found in riparian forests, which serve as refuges in urbanized environments (Silva & Vielliard, 2000, Luther et al, 2008, Oneal & Rotenberry, 2009). This refuge hypothesis is reinforced by the registered presence of the species Amadonastur lacernulatus, which is endemic to the Atlantic Forest and is considered endangered due to the loss of habitat due to human construction and lead contamination (Plaza et al 2018, Sarasola 2018. Amadonastur lacernulatus uses tall trees to build its nest, and is commonly observed in coastal areas, and is rarely observed above 900 m (Sigrist 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of proximity to urban areas on a riparian bird community in remnant Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

Lourenço

Toledo

2019

Rev. ambiente água

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of urban activities on the structure and composition of a bird community in riparian forests in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The study was carried out in seven areas of remnant riparian forest where fixed points have been established to sample bird species. Richness, diversity, abundance, frequency and trophic groups were used as metrics of the bird community. At each point measurements were taken for: (1) habitat characteristics: average height of trees, number of trees above 2m, number of shrubs <2m and the percentage of canopy opening; (2) neighborhood characteristics: closest distance from open areas, highways, urban areas, river and floodplain to the point of observation. The observations resulted in 88 species of birds belonging to 34 families. The most representative families were Tyrannidae, Thraupidae and Picidae. The most predominant trophic groups were insectivorous (54%), omnivorous (11.5%) and frugivorous (10.3%). The results obtained showed that the number of trees explained the variation in abundance, while the mean height of the trees explained variations in richness and frequency. Overall, the bird community was negatively affected by proximity of urban areas and highways. In conclusion, the community of birds in the riparian forest may be affected by the loss of trees above 2m and by urbanization, leading mainly to the replacement of species belonging to specialist trophic groups by generalist species and those more adjusted to human presence. Efeito da proximidade de áreas urbanas sobre a comunidade de aves ripárias em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica no Sudeste brasileiro RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito das atividades urbanas na estrutura e composição da comunidade de aves de matas ciliar rio Paraíba do Sul, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado em sete áreas remanescentes de mata ciliar, onde foram estabelecidos pontos fixos para amostragem de espécies de aves. Riqueza, diversidade, abundância, frequência e tróficos foram utilizados como métricas estruturais da comunidade. A partir de cada ponto foram tomadas medidas quanto: (1) Características do habitat: altura média das árvores, número de árvores acima de 2m, número de arbustos <2m e porcentagem de abertura do dossel; (2) Características do bairro: distâncias mais próximas de áreas abertas, Rev. Ambient. Água vol. 7 (supplement) -Taubaté 2019 2 Ana Cecília de Paula Lourenço et al.rodovias, áreas urbanas, rios e várzeas até o ponto de observação Por meio das observações foram registradas 88 espécies de aves pertencentes a 34 famílias. As famílias mais representativas foram Tyrannidae, Thraupidae e Picidae. Os grupos tróficos mais predominantes foram insetívoro (54%), onívoro (11,5%) e frugívoro (10,3%). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o número de árvores explicou melhor a variação em abundância, enquanto a altura média das árvores explicou as variações de riqueza e frequência. No geral, a comunidade de aves foi afetada negativamente pela proximidade das...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of proximity to urban areas on a riparian bird community in remnant Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

Lourenço

Toledo

2019

Rev. ambiente água

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“…Andean Condors from north‐western Patagonia feed mainly on large carcasses of sheep, cows, Red Deer, Wild Boar and a large proportion of lagomorphs (Lambertucci et al ). In this area, Red Deer, Wild Boars and European Hares are the most frequently hunted species (Grigera & Rapoport , Jaksic , Ojasti & Dallmeier , Lambertucci et al ) and there are no regulations on the use of lead ammunition (Plaza et al ). Therefore, in concordance with previous studies in the area (Lambertucci et al ), it is reasonable to assume that Andean Condors are exposed to carcasses from hunting activities that are contaminated with bullet fragments, which are a common source of lead for scavenging birds (Knott et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there are high numbers of non‐native mammals introduced for hunting, such as Red Deer Cervus elaphus , Wild Boar Sus scrofa and European Hare Lepus europaeus , which are consumed by scavenging birds (Lambertucci et al , Ballejo et al ). The hunting season runs from April to August, but illegal hunting activities occur year‐round and there are no regulations related to the use of lead ammunition (Plaza et al ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, lead is one of the most toxic metals known to affect the health status of different avian guilds, especially vultures (De Francisco et al , Haig et al , Plaza & Lambertucci ). Today, the main source of lead affecting bird populations is the ingestion of ammunition or bullet fragments produced by hunting activities (Fisher et al , Cade , Pain et al , Plaza et al , Williams et al ). Depending on the lead concentrations reached in different tissues and organs, the negative impacts of lead vary from subtle sub‐clinical changes to serious and lethal effects (De Francisco et al , Haig et al , Ferreyra et al ).…”

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Comparison of lead contamination among related scavenging birds sharing food sources: a call for caution when using surrogate species

Plaza

Wiemeyer

Lambertucci

2020

Ibis

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Lead contamination is a global problem affecting a large number of bird species around the world. Among the different avian guilds, vultures and facultative scavengers are particularly threatened by this toxic metal. However, little information is available about differences in exposure to this metal for sympatric vulture species that share food resources. We compared blood lead concentrations of two closely related sympatric obligate scavenger species, the abundant Black Vulture Coragyps atratus and the threatened Andean Condor Vultur gryphus in north‐western Patagonia, Argentina. We sampled 28 Andean Condors and 29 Black Vultures trapped foraging in the same area in the steppe. We also sampled 16 Black Vultures foraging in a rubbish dump to determine whether there were differences in lead contamination among foraging sites. Andean Condors had significantly higher mean blood lead concentrations than Black Vultures. There was no difference in lead concentrations between Black Vultures trapped in the steppe and in the rubbish dump. The prevalence and probability of lead concentrations above the threshold level (20 µg/dL) was higher for Andean Condors than for Black Vultures, potentially producing different effects on their health. This disparity in lead contamination may be due to differences in their foraging habits or in their susceptibility to this toxic metal. Overall, our results suggest caution in using an abundant surrogate species to infer lead contamination in a closely related but harder to sample species.

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“…Emission of lead into the atmosphere occurs through industrial processes and from vehicle exhausts as well, and from there to soil and water bodies, and then absorbed by plants, and then humans are exposed to lead from drinking water as well as food [6]. Lead accumulates in mammalian tissues such as the liver, kidneys and bones as well and these organs are usually analyzed in toxicological studies of wildlife [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ameliorative Role of Cranberry Extract Use on Hematological Changes Induced by Lead acetate in Rats

El-belbasy

Hussein

El-Ghitany

2021

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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Lead poisonousness is a widely recognized type of heavy metal poisoning in humans and animals. So, this study aimed to assess the ameliorative role of cranberry extract use on hematological changes induced by lead acetate in rats. A total number of 40 adult male albino rats weighing approximately 200 ± 20 g were randomly assigned into four groups; Normal control group, group 2; Positive control, lead acetate at a dose of (50 PPM) for 45 days, group 3; Lead acetate at a dose of (50 PPM) then Cranberry extract (75 mg/kg) for 45 days also group 4; Lead acetate (50 PPM) then Cranberry extract (150 mg/kg) for 45 days. Blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes for hematological examinations. Oral administration of lead acetate (50 PPM) significantly decreased total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and mean cell volume levels in comparison with the normal control group (P< 0.0001). Addition of cranberry extract at a dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg significantly increased the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and mean cell volume levels in comparison with the positive control group (P< 0.0001). Oral administration of lead acetate (50 PPM) significantly increased total leukocytes count, lymphocyte, neutrophils, eosinophil and monocytes counts in comparison with the normal control group (P< 0.0001). Addition of cranberry extract at a dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg significantly decreased the total leukocytes count, lymphocyte, neutrophils, eosinophil and monocytes counts in comparison with the positive control group (P< 0.0001). Our results clearly indicate that cranberry extract ameliorates hematological changes in lead acetatetreated rats.

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A review of lead contamination in South American birds: The need for more research and policy changes

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of proximity to urban areas on a riparian bird community in remnant Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

Effects of proximity to urban areas on a riparian bird community in remnant Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

Comparison of lead contamination among related scavenging birds sharing food sources: a call for caution when using surrogate species

The Ameliorative Role of Cranberry Extract Use on Hematological Changes Induced by Lead acetate in Rats

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