A review of largescale 3DCP: Material characteristics, mix design, printing process, and reinforcement strategies

Ahmed, Ghafur H.; Askandar, Nasih Habeeb; Jumaa, Ghazi Bahroz

doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2022.06.068

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…At the end of the propagation stage, corrosion reduces rebar cross-section and induces bond loss between concrete and steel (Jones et al, 2015). Structures with already having dry joints such those in segmental construction, or weakly bonded 3D printed layer-by-layer concrete elements could be more vulnerable to such attacks, as the chloride can easily transfer through the joints (Ahmed & Aziz, 2019, Ahmed et al, 2022. Broadly, the concentration of chloride corrosion is detected when chlorides surpass 0.4 % by cement weight (for chlorides cast into concrete) or 0.2 % (for chlorides diffused in concrete).…”

Section: Chloride-induced Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cover depth significantly affects corrosion caused by chloride or carbonation penetration. Differential corrosion cells are produced as a result of changes in the chemical makeup as well as structural makeup of the reinforcing steel as well as the existence of stress in the reinforcement, both cyclic and static (Ahmad, 2003;Ahmed, 2022).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Corrosion Of Steel In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous experimental datasets on corrosion of steel rebar that consists of 443 datasets, from 12 studies (Almusallam, 2001;Apostolopoulos & Papadakis, 2008;Apostolopoulos et al, 2013;Francois et al, 2013;Huang, 2014;Fernandez et al 2015;Ou et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2016;Imperatore et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2017;Fernandez & Berrocal, 2019;Ahmed, 2022) have been sorted out and, accordingly, analyzed statistically. Analyzing the obtained results, steel mechanical property degradation equations are defined in accordance with these equations based on statistical methods.…”

Section: Proposed Formulas For Estimation Of Residual Mechanical Prop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig.3. Longitudinal direction of reinforcement bars showing uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion(Finozzi et al 2018;Ahmed, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation Mechanisms and Residual Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars Exposed to Natural and Artificial Corrosion – Review & Analysis

2023

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Reinforcement corrosion is the most problematic phenomenon and one of the main sources for the degradation of structures and infrastructures all across the world, that leads to their premature deterioration before design life has been attained. Therefore, the structural effects of rebar corrosion are crucial in determining the structural performance and residual strength of impaired structures. In the present work, the corrosion initiation mechanisms, corrosion products, corrosion types, corrosion consequences on structural performance and detrimental factors related to corrosion were presented in brief. Moreover, the propagation period and the main consequences on mechanical properties of steel and concrete are analyzed. Analyses of the available statistical data collected from literature were performed for 443 specimens. The findings are further interpreted from structural point of view, and deterioration equations for the mechanical properties of the corroded reinforcements are developed. The relations are well analyzed, leading to the definition of decay equation for yielding and ultimate stresses, and ultimate strain. It was found that the mass loss of 1% due to the rebar corrosion can cause the strength loss of 1.34%, 1.30%, and 3.54% respectively for yield strength, ultimate strength, and elongation. The suggested formulas can be applied in analytical and numerical structural applications.

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Section: Chloride-induced Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Affecting Corrosion Of Steel In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposed Formulas For Estimation Of Residual Mechanical Prop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig.3. Longitudinal direction of reinforcement bars showing uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion(Finozzi et al 2018;Ahmed, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation Mechanisms and Residual Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars Exposed to Natural and Artificial Corrosion – Review & Analysis

2023

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“…A lack of deployment of new technologies is one of the factors contributing to this drop. Numerous factors are pushing the construction industry towards automation, including a reduction in labor for safety concerns, a decrease in construction time on-site, a decrease in manufacturing costs, and/or the expansion of design flexibility [10,11]. Moreover, 3D printing helps to address environmental concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Non-Conventional Concrete 3D Printing—A Review

2023

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In this review article, system materials for concrete 2D printing have been discussed, along with the various other aspects that are connected to sustainable construction. The article consists of an introduction giving the background of manufacturing that started almost two decades ago, including the non-conventional methods of building structures. It has been seen that there are various stainable materials in the field of 3D printing in construction, as the conversion of construction to 3D printing reduces waste generation. Further in this article, the cost comparison between conventional and non-conventional construction methods has been discussed, including the effectiveness of 3D printing; 3D printing is very effective in the sense that it requires the precise use of machinery and construction material. Full-scale 3D printing has also been seen in the building sector, but only to some extent. Some of the components of bridges, and even some of small bridges, have been constructed using 3D printing and ultra-high-performance concrete. Since there are various advantages to 3D building, there are also various disadvantages to 3D printing, such as how much it costs and finding the materials that are suitable for 3D printing, which might increase the cost. Polymers have also been used in 3D printing construction since polymers have a very long lifespan, and polymers may increase the strength of the final product by reinforcing the aggregate. Additionally, this technology gives us the opportunity to use various materials together for construction, such as recycled aggregates and geopolymers, along with concrete and cement, which might pose some challenges but are being used nowadays. A major concern with this technology is its impact on the labor market. Since in traditional construction huge amounts of man hours are required, concerns have been raised about the inclusion of this technology, as this might affect employment. Since most of the work will be done by machines, the need for labor will reduce. These are some of the issues that need attention. Finally, this article discusses the novelty and future scope of 3D printing in the construction sector, and concludes by outlining the scope of potential developments for 3D printing concrete by taking into account sustainability.

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Flow Characteristics of Cement Mortar with Varied Silica Fume for Additive Construction

Diwan,

Patel,

Pal

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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A review of largescale 3DCP: Material characteristics, mix design, printing process, and reinforcement strategies

Cited by 32 publications

References 252 publications

Degradation Mechanisms and Residual Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars Exposed to Natural and Artificial Corrosion – Review & Analysis

Degradation Mechanisms and Residual Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars Exposed to Natural and Artificial Corrosion – Review & Analysis

Sustainable Non-Conventional Concrete 3D Printing—A Review

Flow Characteristics of Cement Mortar with Varied Silica Fume for Additive Construction

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