A review of inflammatory idiopathic myopathy focusing on polymyositis

Abstract

Inflammatory idiopathic myopathies are a group of autoimmune diseases affecting predominantly the proximal skeletal muscles, with raised muscle enzymes, with or without skin involvement and extramuscular organ involvement. Autoantibodies help to characterize patients into different clinical phenotypes. Successful treatment necessitates controlling inflammation early with corticosteroids and invariably requires additional immunosuppressive therapy. This review focuses on the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, investigations and management of patients presenting with inflammatory idiopathic myopathies, predominantly focusing on polymyositis and antisynthetase syndrome.

A study on demographic pattern of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in a tertiary care hospital

“…Arthritis was a relatively common symptom noticed, about 68 % presented with this feature. this correlates with the studies done by Malik et al, and Muggi N et al 6,7 Raynaud's phenomenon was seen to affect 37.5% of patients, it was predominantly noted in DM than PM, this data concurs with study done by Clark et al 8 Other significant parameters noted in our study were elevated muscle enzymes in 85.1% patients, positive electromyogram in 60%. 9 Hypothyroidism noted in 37.5% of patients by Gamsky et al 9 In this study describe the coexistent autoimmune thyroiditis and dermatomyositis, showing clearly that these diseases can coexist.…”

Oral manifestations of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases

“…Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), subsets of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), are autoimmune multifactorial diseases of muscle and other tissues (50,51). More precisely, PM is a systemic disease of the connective tissue (14).…”

“…More precisely, PM is a systemic disease of the connective tissue (14). On the other hand, it is assumed that DM is a systemic complement-mediated microvasculopathy (51).…”

“…Extended laboratory examinations are first performed. Recommended serological tests include the detection of muscle enzymes, especially creatinine kinase, and autoantibodies: myositis-specific and myositis-associated (50)(51)(52). If there is a suspicion of malignancy, the risk of which is higher in DM compared to PM, appropriate investigations must be carried out.…”

Acute concomitant presentation of polymyositis and atypical myasthenia gravis: a diagnostic challenge

“…Inflammatory myopathies (IMs) [1] and myasthenia gravis (MG) [2] are autoimmune disorders presenting with muscle weakness. Their coexistence is infrequent and the myasthenia-myositis clinical spectrum has emerged as a novel concept [3].…”