A Review of<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>as a Highly Successful Pathogen in Times of War

Camp, C; Tatum, Owatha L.

doi:10.1309/lm90ijndddwri3re

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Three major overlapping populations of bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter are known: multiresistant isolates from hospitals and hospitalized patients (Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter genomic species 3 [recently renamed Acinetobacter pittii], and genomic species 13TU [recently renamed Acinetobacter nosocomialis]; all three together are known as the A. baumannii complex), sensitive isolates from human and animal skin and from foodstuffs (A. johnsonii, A. lwoffii, A. radioresistens), and sensitive isolates from soil and wastewater (A. calcoaceticus, A. johnsonii) (2). Over the past decade, bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter have emerged as a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, and A. baumannii accounts for approximately 80% of all reported Acinetobacter infections (3). A. baumannii is among the pathogens targeted in the call by the Infectious Diseases Society of America to develop new antibiotics by 2020 (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Occurrence of an Environmental Acinetobacter baumannii Strain Similar to a Clinical Isolate in Paleosol from Croatia

Hrenović

Durn

Goić-Barišić

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dOver the past decade, bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter have emerged as a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Outbreaks of Acinetobacter infections are considered to be caused exclusively by contamination and transmission in hospital environments. The natural habitats of clinically important multiresistant Acinetobacter spp. remain to be defined. In this paper, we report an incidental finding of a viable multidrug-resistant strain of Acinetobacter baumannii, related to clinical isolates, in acid paleosol from Croatia. The environmental isolate of A. baumannii showed 87% similarity to a clinical isolate originating from a hospital in this geographic area and was resistant to gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. In paleosol, the isolate was able to survive a low pH (3.37), desiccation, and a high temperature (50°C). The probable source of A. baumannii in paleosol is illegally disposed waste of external origin situated in the abandoned quarry near the sampling site. The bacteria could have been leached from waste by storm water and thus infiltrated the paleosol.

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confidence: 99%

Occurrence of an Environmental Acinetobacter baumannii Strain Similar to a Clinical Isolate in Paleosol from Croatia

Hrenović

Durn

Goić-Barišić

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Frequently, suboptimal serum drug concentrations lead to resistance via mutation. Fortunately, intravenous minocycline achieves peak and trough serum concentrations, with standard human doses, that exceed the mutant prevention concentration of 1 mg/liter for A. baumannii (1,4,6,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamics of Minocycline against Acinetobacter baumannii in a Rat Pneumonia Model

Tarazi

Sabet

Dudley

et al. 2019

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Minocycline is currently approved in the United States for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible isolates of Acinetobacter spp. The objective of these studies was to determine the minocycline exposures associated with an antibacterial effect against Acinetobacter baumannii in a rat pneumonia model. Rats received minocycline doses as 30-min intravenous infusions. In the rat pneumonia model, six clinical isolates of A. baumannii with MICs ranging from 0.03 to 4 mg/liter were studied. In this model, minocycline produced a bacteriostatic effect with a free 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC ratio of 10 to 16 and produced 1 log of bacterial killing with a free 24-h AUC/MIC of 13 to 24. These exposures can be achieved with the current FDA-approved dosage regimens of intravenous minocycline.

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“…100 cases of MDR were encountered in operation enduring freedom and two panresistant Acinetobacter blood stream infections meeting the CDC's national nosocomial infection surveillance criteria were encountered during operation Iraqi Freedom. Acinetobacter, quoted as the 'military superbug' and 'Iraqibacter', has been included under the US Military 'Global Emerging Infections Surveillance' program (31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Evolution Of Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance and Evolving Healthcare: Dangerous Crossroads for the Community and the Military

Khan¹,

Gupta

Sen

et al. 2017

J Arch Mil Med

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Modern diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including advanced surgeries, organ transplants, and immunotherapy are pillared by antimicrobial therapy. Parallel to the rising incidence of infectious diseases, the menace of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emerged worldwide. Developing countries are facing the brunt in epidemic proportions due to huge population, substandard housing, overcrowding, rapid unplanned urbanization, deterioration in water and waste management systems, strained public health infrastructure, and limited resource allocation to healthcare. Simultaneously, AMR has adversely affected the outcome of military injuries. The rising problem of AMR is discouraging the development of newer antimicrobials by the pharmaceutical industry. There has been a considerable impetus towards concept development; however, the magnitude of the problem overshadows the progress made towards the control of AMR worldwide. There is a dire need to identify this threat, develop concerted multipronged strategy, develop infrastructure, foster expertise, and take coordinated and urgent steps to tackle the serious public health challenge. An intensified commitment needs to be taken up on a war footing at individual, local, national, regional, and international levels. This article discusses the overall concept for developing countries.

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A Review ofAcinetobacter baumanniias a Highly Successful Pathogen in Times of War

Cited by 49 publications

References 58 publications

Occurrence of an Environmental Acinetobacter baumannii Strain Similar to a Clinical Isolate in Paleosol from Croatia

Occurrence of an Environmental Acinetobacter baumannii Strain Similar to a Clinical Isolate in Paleosol from Croatia

Pharmacodynamics of Minocycline against Acinetobacter baumannii in a Rat Pneumonia Model

Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance and Evolving Healthcare: Dangerous Crossroads for the Community and the Military

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