A review of hydrothermal carbonization of municipal sludge: Process conditions, physicochemical properties, methods coupling, energy balances and life cycle analyses

Zhi, Youwei; Xu, Donghai; Jiang, Guanyu; Yang, Wanpeng; Chen, Zhilin; Duan, Peigao; Zhang, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2023.107943

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…A decreased ash content is a premise for the reduction of slagging and the formation of soot. , Notably, the amount of ash content strongly depends on the type of biomass, as well as the processes applied. When comparing the ash contents of the hydrochars obtained in this study, some were found to be higher than those reported in the literature, while others were lower. ,,,,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonic Acid-Catalyzed Biocoal Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Alper,

Auersvald,

Kejla

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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In this study, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of spruce wood was studied at different temperatures (200−260 °C) and residence times (2−48 h). An increase in the temperature and residence time resulted in higher heating values of hydrochars. The effect of temperature on the hydrochar yield and carbon content was more pronounced than the residence time. Two sulfonic acid catalysts were explored for the first time in the HTC of spruce wood at 240 °C for 24 h. The impact of sulfonic acid type and concentration on hydrochar yields and characteristics was investigated. Among the tested acids, methanesulfonic acid (MSA) had a significant effect on HTC, producing hydrochar with increased fixed carbon content and a higher heating value compared to noncatalytic runs and runs with dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) under identical conditions. The highest fuel ratio obtained was 1.47 with MSA at a concentration of 0.01 M. A detailed quantitative analysis of the aqueous phase from HTC processing using gas chromatography helped to elucidate the differences between the tested acids and demonstrated promoted lignin depolymerization with increasing MSA concentration. The use of sulfonic acid significantly increased the yield of levulinic acid in the aqueous phase. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of sulfonic acid catalysts in enhancing the efficiency and product quality of HTC processes, providing insights into optimizing biomass conversion for sustainable energy production and biocoal synthesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonic Acid-Catalyzed Biocoal Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Alper,

Auersvald,

Kejla

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…† Initially, the dissolved carbohydrates and proteins undergo a series of hydrolysis, dehydration, and Maillard reactions, resulting in the formation of polyaromatic hydrochar. 65,155,183 With respect to the Maillard reaction in the hydrothermal process, the amino acids in sewage sludge can initially decompose under the Maillard reaction with sugars or the degraded products of sugars that contain carbonyl groups, resulting in the production of N-containing ring compounds. The Maillard reaction occurs due to the interactions among the protein, amino acids and sugars present in sewage sludge, leading to the formation of brown hydrochar with a characteristic odor.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Hydrochar Formation In Diverse Hydrothermal Pro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable hydrothermal carbon for advanced electrochemical energy storage

Zhang,

Cao,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Consequently, water solubility of non-polar organic compounds present in biomass is increased during the HTC. For example, dielectric constant of water at 200 • C is similar to that of methanol which is a relatively non-polar solvent [117]. The main products obtained from HTC are hydrochar (solid), aqueous phase (liquid), and gases (mostly CO 2 ) [118].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae: Nature’s Renewable Resource for Fuels and Chemicals

Chakraborty,

Dunford

2024

Biomass

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Microalgae-based renewable energy, industrial chemicals, and food have received great attention during the last decade. This review article highlights the versatility of algal biomass as a feedstock for producing various commodities and high-value products, including aromatic hydrocarbons and lipids within biorefinery systems. Lipid content and the composition of algal biomass cultivated in various media, specifically in wastewater streams generated at agricultural and industrial production facilities, are reviewed. Technical and chemical aspects of algal biomass conversion via thermochemical techniques including pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization are discussed. The properties of the final products are reviewed based on the conversion process employed. Studies published within the last 5 years are reviewed. The importance of further research on inexpensive and more effective catalysts and the development of downstream processes to upgrade crude products obtained from thermal conversion processes is emphasized. This review concludes with an in-depth discussion of the opportunities and challenges involved in algal biomass-based bioproduct manufacturing and commercialization.

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A review of hydrothermal carbonization of municipal sludge: Process conditions, physicochemical properties, methods coupling, energy balances and life cycle analyses

Cited by 20 publications

References 208 publications

Sulfonic Acid-Catalyzed Biocoal Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Sulfonic Acid-Catalyzed Biocoal Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Sustainable hydrothermal carbon for advanced electrochemical energy storage

Algae: Nature’s Renewable Resource for Fuels and Chemicals

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